500 Verrill, Notes on RacUata. 



branclilets are "08 or "10 of an inc-li apart, small, slender, rather short, 

 rarely more than 'lb long without branches, scarcely "02 in diameter. 

 Their surface is densely covered with small, sharp spinules, which are 

 directed obliquely outward and toward the tips of the branchlets. 



Color of the trunk and main branches dull brownish black; branch- 

 lets very dark brown. 



Height 13 inches; breadth 10; diameter of trunk -50; of main 

 branches "15 to "25 of an inch. 



Pearl Islands, brought from 6 to 8 fathoms by psarl divers, — F. H. 

 Bradley. 



Order MADREPORARIA VerriU, from Edw. and Haime (restricted). 



il/arfre^Jora (genus) (jsars) Linnasus; Pallas; Ellis; Esper, etc. 



Folypiers larmlliferes (pars) liamarck, 1816; Limouroux, 1821. 



Zozithaires pierreux Blainville, 1830. 



Actinaria (suborder) (pars) Dana, Zoophytes, 1846; Gosse, Actin. Brit., 1860. 



M Ldi-p.porari I. [pars) (suborder of Zoantharia) Edw. and Haime, Corall., vol. ii, p. 4, 



1857, (includes J/tWeporjfte and other Hydroids) ; Vernll, Mem. B'vston Soc. Nat. 



Hist., vol. i, p. 14, 1864, (excludes Ilydroid Tabulata). 

 Actinaria (order) {pars) Agassiz, Contributions to Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. i, p. 151, 



1857; vol. iii, p. 60, 1860, (includes both Actinaria and Madreporaria, excluding 



Tabulata and Eugosa). 

 Madreporaria {order) "Vernll, Proceedings Essex Inst, vol. iv, p. 145, Feb., 1865; 



and vol. v, p. 18, May, 1866; A. and Mrs. E. C. Agassiz, Sea-side Studies, after 



May, 1865. 



Polyps simple, or compound by budding and self-division, the basal 

 region imperfectly developed and serving only for attachment ; never 

 locomotive. Tentacles and spheromeres usually in multiples of six, 

 the tentacles simple, tubular, generally covered with stinging oi*gans 

 (lasso-cells), which are grouped in clusters on the surface. The lower 

 part of the outer wall and usually the radiating walls of the internal 

 chambers, or the connective tissue in these chambers, secrete carbonate 

 of lime and thus form stony corals, consisting essentially of a more or 

 less circular cell, with radiating internal septa, which correspond in 

 number and position with the tentacles. 



Suborder, MADREPORACEA Dana (restricted). 



Madreporacea (tribe) (jyars) Dana, Zoophytes, p. 428, 1846. 

 Madreporaria perforata Edw. and Haime, Corall., iii, p. 89, 1857. 

 Midreporaria (suborder) Verrill, Mem. Bost. Soc, i, p. 14, 1864. 

 Madreporacea {suborder) Proc. Essex Inst, iv, p. 147, 1865; ditto, v, p. 19, 1866. 



Tentacles mostly long, in limited numbers, often but 12, marginal, 

 the disk small, the tentacles therefore concentrated near the mouth, 



