Vtrrlll, Notes on Radiata. 525 



laterally, and have more elongated tubular corallites [A. Saimei, etc.). 

 It is, therefore, impossible to make any marked distinction between 

 these two groups of genera. It is not improbable that in adopting 

 them as subfamilies, I have given to the mode of growth even more 

 importance than it merits. 



Sub-family, Astrangin.e Verrill. 



Astreirux. reptantes Edw. and Haime, Ann. des Sciences nat, 3^ ser., xii, p. 175, 1849. 

 AstrangiaceiK Edw. and Haime, Coralliaires, ii, p. 606, 1857. 



Coralla encrusting or creeping, formed of low corallites, which 

 multiply chiefly by basal budding. 



Astrangia Edw. and Haime. 

 Astrangia Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime, Comptes-rendus de I'Acad. des Sci, xxvii, 

 p. 496, 1848; Ann. des Sci. nat., xii, p., 180, 1849; Coralliaires, ii, p. 613, 1857; 

 Verrill, Revision of Polj^ps of Eastern Coast United States, in Memoires Boston Soc. 

 Nat. Hist., i, p. 39, 1864. 



Coralla encrusting, consisting of rather small, short, more or less 

 turbinate corallites, which arise by budding, either from basal expan- 

 sions of the wall of the parents, from the sides, or from within the 

 obliquely extended margins of those in the outermost row, and thus 

 form clusters, spreading over rocks, shells, etc., or in some cases 

 thin aggregate masses, sometimes rising in the middle into irregular 

 lobes or short branches. The calicles are circular, except when 

 crowded or appressed, moderately deep, with a papillose columella. 

 Septa more or less unequal, in three or four cycles, the primaries and 

 secondaries most prominent, all with strongly granulated sides and 

 denticulated edges, the lowest teeth larger and more or less paliforni,* 



* The following species has the basal teeth of the septa developed into well-marked, 

 prominent pali. As it was figured, by mistake, upon the plate with the Panama species, 

 I add a bri' f description : 



Astrangia palifera Yerrdl, sp. nov. Plate ix, figure 2. 



C'lrallites low, cyhndrical, scattered over the surface to which they adhere, usually 

 at dista'ices twice as great as their diameter, or even more, and connected by narrnw 

 and thin, stolon-like expansions of the bases. Calicles circular, shnllow. Columella 

 small, with about six t) ten proniinetit papillae. Septa twenty-four to thirty, not 

 crowded, separ.ited by spaces greater than their thickness, subequal, the primaries a 

 little broiider, thicker, aud more prominent than the secondaries, which also somewhat 

 exceed the tertiaries ; all with finely granulated sides and rather broadly rounded, finely 

 denticulated, and very sUghtly exsert summits; inner etlge perpendicular, separate<i 

 by a deep notch from the paliform tooth, of which there is usually but one to each 

 septa. The p.diform teeth are comparatively large, prominent, obtuse, those of the 

 primaries largest and nearest the center, the others smaller and a httle farther from the 



