Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 543 



Since Lophoseris is a late synonym of Pavonia it is undesirable to 

 use it for the derivation of the family name. Pavonidoe is in use in 

 ornithology. 



Pavonia Lamarck. 



Pavonia {pars) Lamarck, Syst. des animaux sans vert., p. 372, 1801 ; Hist. nat. des 



anim. sans vert., ii, p. 238, 1816; 2nd edit, ii, p. 376. 

 Pavonia Ehrenberg, Corall. des rothen Meeres, p. 104, 1834; Dana, Zoophytes U. S. 



Expl. Exp., p. 319, 1846. 

 Lophoseris Edw. and Hainie, Comptes-rendus de I'Acad. des Sci., xxix, p. 72, 1849; 



Ann. des Sci. nat., 3e ser., xv, p. 121, 1851; Coralliaires, iii, p. 65, 1860. 

 Pavonia Verrill, Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zoology, i, p. 54, 1864 ; Proc. Essex Inst., v, 



p. 45, 1866. 



Coralla compound, adherent, encrusting or foliaceous, generally 

 with rising crests, foliae, or lobes of various kinds ; sometimes thick 

 and massive, often thin and delicate. The foliaceous forms usually 

 have both surfaces covered with polyps, but some of the horizontally 

 spreading species are foliaceous near the edge, with polyps only on 

 the upper side, the lower side being naked and finely costulate. 

 Polyp-cells scattered, clearly defined, but not separated by distinct 

 walls, the adjacent ones united by prolongations of the septa. 



Columella tubercular, sometimes rudimentary. Septa few, gene- 

 rally more or less thickened. Dissepiments, in the thick species, well 

 developed ; in the thinner ones represented only by trabiculse. 



The name, Pavonia., was rejected by Edwards and Haime because 

 Hubner used it among insects in 1816, but they overlooked the iiact 

 that the genus was first established in the earlier work of Lamarck, 

 published in 1801. 



This genus has nearly the same distribution as Fungla. It is found 

 throughout the tropical regions of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, 

 from the west coast of America to the east coast of Africa, and from 

 the Hawaiian Islands, Southern Ja})an, Hong Kong, and the Red Sea 

 on the north, to Australia and Zanzibar on the south. It is repre- 

 sented in this great area by many species. No species has yet been 

 found in the Atlantic Ocean, where it is replaced by Agaricia. 



Pavonia gigantea Verriii. 



Pavonia gigantea Verrill, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, p. 394, 1869. 

 Plate IX, figure 7. 



Corallum very large, thick, encrusting, near the edges often some- 

 what free ; upper surface nearly flat or variously undulated and un- 

 even, covered with large, distant, stellate cells, which are either irreg- 

 ularly scattered, or sometimes in somewhat regular rows for a short 



