611 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



Plate IV. _ 



Figure 1. — S\>icnla of JJijmenogorgia qim-cifolia Echv. ; l(f. double-spindles; 1&, crescent- 

 shaped or scaphoid spicula, — eularg-ed 150 diameters. 



Figure 2. — Spieula of Gorgonia gracilis Verrill ; 2a, double-spindles ; 'Ih, scaphoid spic- 

 ula, — enlarged 150 diameters. 



Figure 3. — A part of a branch of the same, natural size. 



Figure 4, — Spicula of Eunicea humilis Edw. ; a, spindles from coenenchyma, — enlarged 

 50 diameters ; b, club-shaped spicula. — enlarged 100 diameters. 



Figure 5. — Spicula of Plexaurelia dichotoma K611. ; 5a, a cross-shaped spiculuni, with 

 unequal branches; 5&, across with two of the branches undeveloped, — en- 

 larged 100 diameters. ♦ 



Figure 'i. — Cross-shaped spicula of Fkxaurelln anceps f Koll, ; 6a, one of the larger 

 spindles, — enlarged 100 diameters. 



Figure 7. — Echinaster crassispina Yerrill; part of ray, natural size. 



Figure 8. — TJtyone Braziliensis A'errill ; a, oral plates, natural size. 



Figure 9. — Chriodota rotifer um Stimp. ; calcareous wheels of the skin, — enlarged 150 

 diameters. 



Figure 10. — AmpMastei- insignis Verrill ; ray and part of disk, natural size. 



PL.A.TE V. 



All the figures on this plate are from camera-lucida drawings by the author. 



Figure 1. — Renilla amethystina V. ; triquetral spiculum from the disk, — enlarged 100 

 diameters. 



Figure 2. — Stijlatida gracilis V. ; one of the spine-like spicula, which support the pin- 

 na^, — enlarged 50 diameters. 



Figure 3. — Le2}togorgia hlorcR Y. ; a, longer double-spindle ; 6, stouter double-spindle, — 

 enlarged 200 diameters. 



Figure 4. — L. Agassizii V.; a and b. longer double-spindles; c, stouter double-spindle, 

 — enlarged 200 diameters. 



Figure 5. — L. AdamsiiX.; a and b, longer double-spindles; c, stouter double-spindle, 

 — enlarged 200 diameters. 



Figure 6. — L. diffusa Y.; a, longer jioiible-spindle ; 6, stouter double-spindle, — enlarged 

 200 diameters. 



Figure 7. — L. alba V. ; a and b, longer double-spindles; c, stouter double-spindle, — en- 

 larged 200 diameters. 



Figure 8. — L. pumila. \. ; a, longer douhle-spiiidle ; b, stouter double-spindle, — enlarged 

 200 diameters. 



Figiue 9. — L. rigida V.; a, longer donble-sj)indle ; b and c, stuuter double-spindles, — 

 enlarged 200 diameters. 



Figure ! 0. — L. Califomica V. ; a, longer double-spindle ; 6, stouter double-spindle, — 

 enlarged 200 diameters. 



