18 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
rines, Negros) ; almaciga babae (Bataan); aninga (Isabela) ; aningdt (Ca- 4 
layan Island); dnteng (Nueva Ecija); bagtik, baltik (Palawan); bidyo 
(Bisaya); bididzgan (Negros Occidental); bunség (Benguet); dadiangau 
(Sorsogon, Polillo, Tayabas, Negros); dadiungoi (Albay, Sorsogon); gala- 
gdla (Bataan, Palawan); ladidigau (Camarines, Sorsogon, Tayabas) ; 
makdéu (Misamis); pino (Samar); sdlong (Cagayan, Negros); titau 
(Abra) ; uli (Zambales). 
ALMACIGA OR MANILA COPAL 
The chief value of Agathis alba is in the resin (almaciga or 
Manila copal) which it yields. Locally this is employed as 
incense in religious ceremonies, for torches, starting fires, caulk- 
ing boats, as a smudge for mosquitoes, etc. It is exported in 
considerable quantities, and used chiefly in the manufacture of 
high-grade varnish, but also in other processes, as in making 
patent leather and sealing wax. Almaciga is suitable, according 
to Richmond,* for the manufacture of cheap soaps and paper 
size. Aqueous solutions of the alkaline resinates are precipi- 
tated by solutions of all other metallic salts, e. g., aluminum 
sulphate, in the form of an insoluble resinate, which could be 
used in paper manufacturing to render the paper non-bibulous. 
The exports of almaciga from the Philippines from 1914 to 1918 
are given in Table 1. 
TABLE 1.—Amount and value of Manila copal exported from the Philippines 
from 1914 to 1918. 




Ra Year. ¢ Amount. Value. 
| Kilograms. Pesos. 
ON ne Sh ES Be eee a ee ee ee eee ee 1, 112, 787 225, 078 
1 A 5 ee Ae ee ee een Teel eee ees? OA ie te) ie ee Re aes te 1,304, 975 206, 446 
AQIG UR aS. 3 22232 os ok ee ek tk aes Ce ee ey ee eee 1, 143, 938 211, 593 
MONT co 2gie ee Skee SE oe Se ee 593, 560 188, 940 ( 
TOUS Sse see St sss a he a ne ee eee eee ee 507, 116 138, 821 



Agathis alba belongs to the pine family and to the same genus 
as the “kauri pine” (Agathis robusta) of New Zealand. The 
latter yields a resin very similar to almaciga and one which 
has long been important in the industries. 
Manila copal is a member of the class of substances known as 
copals. These substances are obtained as resinous exudations 
from various trees or as fossil (mineral) resin and are used 
principally for manufacturing varnishes. According to Hyde:+ 

* Richmond, G. F., Manila copal. Philippine Journal of Science, Section 
A, Volume 5 (1910), pages 177 to 201. 
+ Hyde, F. S., Solvents, oils, gums, waxes and allied substances (1913), 
page 35. 
