RESINS , Del 
posed to light and air. At intervals of 78 days, 13 months, and 
2 years, the copal was weighed and the acid and iodine values 
determined. His results showed that the acid value was prac- 
tically unchanged while the iodine value decreased. He also 
determined the solubility of Manila copal in various solvents, 
and suggested a method for estimating Manila copal in the 
presence of other resins. He believed that Manila copal, which 
is cheaper than kauri resin, could be used in place of the latter 
in certain dental-mould preparations. 
DESCRIPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF AGATHIS ALBA 
Agathis alba is a large tree reaching a height of 50 to 60 
meters and a diameter, at breast height, of more than 2 meters; 
and with a clear length of trunk of 30 meters or more. The 
bark is 10 to 15 millimeters in thickness, brittle, and light 
greenish to brownish gray in color. It is shed in scroll-shaped 
patterns and is thickly set with corky pustules. The inner 
bark is brown, streaked with red and grading into a cream color 
near the sapwood. The leaves are simple, opposite or nearly so, 
leathery in texture, 3 to 9.5 centimeters long, and 1 to 2.5 centi- 
meters wide. 
The wood is moderately hard, flexible, and tough, though not 
resilient. The heartwood is pale yellow, sometimes with a faint 
pinkish or brownish tinge, generally turning to an even, very 
pale brown in drying. 
This species was first described at length by Rumphius, who 
called it Dammara alba, which is the Latin form of the Malay 
common name, dammar puti. The same name was used by 
Lamarck in 1786, but the genus has since come to be known 
as Agathis, a name which is retained in the Vienna Code. 
Agathis alba is found growing in considerable numbers in 
forests at altitudes of from 200 to 2,000 meters, but in the Phil- 
ippines it usually attains its best development on well-drained 
slopes at from 600 to 1,500 meters elevation. The tree is very 
common in the Philippines and exists on mountain slopes 
throughout the Archipelago. It has been reported from the 
following regions: Cagayan, Isabela, Lepanto, Benguet, Abra, 
Zambales, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Rizal, Tayabas, Polillo, Min- 
doro, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon, Calayan Island, Sibuyan, 
Negros, Samar, Palawan, Misamis, Davao, and Zamboanga. 
Agathis alba also occurs in Cochin China, the Malay Peninsula, 
Sumatra, Java, Celebes, the Moluccas, and Borneo. 
