28 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
Genus PINUS 
PINUS INSULARIS Endl. (Figs. 5-7). SALENG * or BENGUET PINE. 
Local names: Aldl (Zambales); balibo, boobdo, bulbul, ol-ol, saung 
(Benguet) ; parua (Iloko); sdleng (Bontoc, Lepanto, Abra, Nueva Ecija, 
Ilocos Norte and Sur). 
TURPENTINE 
Two species of pines are natives of the Philippines, one of 
which, Pinus insularis, was used in Spanish times as a commer- 
cial source of turpentine. Richmond y+ says that turpentine 
collected from this tree has an appearance and consistency 
somewhat like that of crystallized honey and possesses a pleasant 
odor; while Brooks t, after an investigation, states that it is 
practically identical with that produced in America. 
Brooks measured the flow from a number of trees. Concern- 
ing the results he writes §: 
On March 13, fourteen trees situated in the forest adjoining the claim 
of the Headwaters Mining Company were boxed. The trees were selected 
at random and included several trees of the variety known to lumbermen 
and turpentine collectors as ‘‘scrub pine.” Six hours later thirteen of the 
trees showed an abundant flow of resin, while one was hard and did not 
flow. The collected resin weighed 1,761.5 grams. 
On March 14, thirty trees were boxed in another locality about 2 miles 
distant from Baguio. They were selected with the idea of including both 
healthy and unhealthy looking trees and some which had been damaged 
by ground fires. On the following day these trees were again visited and 
all but three, which were hard and did not flow, were still running slowly. 
The collected resin weighed 4,400 grams. 
Method of boxing.—The boxes were cut about 30 to 40 centimeters wide, 
12 to 18 centimeters deep, and 6 to 8 centimeters from front to back, 
varying with the size of the trees. They were made by inexperienced 
laborers and were so badly split and bruised that much of the fresh resin 
was lost, hence the yields obtained do not accurately represent the total 
flow of resin. 
One of the best flowing trees had a diameter of about 85 centimeters 
and produced 857 grams of resin in thirty-two hours, although a portion 
was lost by overflowing the box. 

* The words sdlong, sdleng, sadhing and sding, sdong or sdung, which 
occur so constantly as local names of trees of the Pine, Pili, and Lauan 
families (Pinaceae, Burseraceae, and Dipterocarpaceae), are all various 
dialectic forms of one word having the general meaning of “resin.” 
+ Richmond, G. F., Philippine turpentine. Philippine Journal of Science, 
Section A, Volume 4 (1909), pages 231 to 232. 
~ Brooks, B. T., The oleoresin of Pinus insularis Endl. Philippine 
Journal of Science, Section A, Volume 5 (1910), pages 229 to 231. 
§ Richmond, G. F., Philippine turpentine. Philippine Journal of Science, 
Section A, Volume 4 (1909), page 231. 
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