4A PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
TABLE 5.—Manila elemis from Gumaca, Tayabas. 











Bacon also investigated the residue left after the distillation 
of elemi. By the distillation of elemi in vacuo, he obtained from 
12 to 18 per cent of terpenes and from 12 to 15 per cent of a 
higher-boiling oil. The distillation residue, usually amounting 
to about 70 per cent of the elemi, is a light-brown, transparent, 
solid resin, with a brilliant fracture. The elemi residue is com- 
pletely and easily soluble in the cold in the following solvents: 
Alcohol, ether, benzol, petroleum ether, ligroin, xylol, chloro- 
form, amy] acetate, acetone, methyl alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, 
ethyl acetate, turpentine, amyl alcohol, and glacial acetic acid. 
As previously stated, Bacon considered the residue obtained from 
the distillation of elemi to have important commercial possibil- 
ities as a varnish gum. 
Clover * investigated the chemical properties of Manila elemi 
and found that: 
é a Specific 3 
No wa | mae era | a a 
Aor 
Degrees. 
ees She i 2 ate Le a ee ee 1.4674 | 175 -177 0. 8360 116.8 
Oa a ee EN Og 2 ee 1.4658 | 165 -169 0. 8350 92.2 
Rn a ES OS Sede i ge 1.4673 | 175.5-178 0. 8360 117.8 
ae TER ee Oe) ee Inet ae a ee ee eee 1.4672 | 175 -178 0. 8359 111.8 
eb Be aera en ene meee a eee ee een ee eae eens 1.4680 | 178 -175 0. 8365 107.6 
Ge a ee SL he es eS ee Ce eee 1.4670 | 175 -178 0. 8358 11759 
Wes 2 ete ee Fe nasa eb bananas Sotscs Soon a actee a enene 1.4670 | 175 -178 0. 8863 117.6 
Gees ee ee eres se et ae a Se Soc ost cen esos senccoed 1.4660 | 166 -169 0. 8855 90.7 € 
OPI Aes 5. ee eee ae oS oe eh ea eae ee 1.4670 | 176 -177 0. 8364 115.6 
~ 
As ordinarily gathered for commerce, the resin is soft, sticky, and : 
opaque, has a slightly yellow color, and a very agreeable odor. It has 
a spicy, somewhat bitter taste. If left exposed to the air for some time, 
it gradually hardens throughout and finally becomes brittle. The resin 
dissolves readily and completely in ether, chloroform, and benzene, except 
for the separation of a small amount of water which it contains and also 
a very small amount of a white, granular substance. In acetic ester, 
acetone, ligroin, methyl and ethyl alcohol it does not dissolve completely 
unless sufficient solvent is used. With these solvents a white, crystalline 
residue remains which, with the use of alcohol in limited quantity, amounts 
to about 25 per cent of the total * * * . Very soft Manila elemi 
contains a considerable amount of water, less than 5 per cent however, 
while that which has collected on the tree for a length of time contains 
very little. 

* Clover, A. M., The terpene oils of Manila elemi. Philippine Journal 
of Science, Section A, Volume 2 (1907), pages 1 to 40. 
