14 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
large number of species, so that a given species, although of wide 
distribution, may occur only in small numbers in a limited area. 
Many of the Philippine oil-producing plants grow well under 
cultivation, and the greatest development of oil industries from 
such plants will be dependent on their being grown in plantations 
by private individuals or in reforestation projects. A beginning 
has already been made in this direction, and in the case of 
Canangium odoratum (ilang-ilang) the oil is distilled largely 
from flowers grown under cultivation. Alewrites moluccana, 
the source of lumbang oil, is fairly common in some regions, and 
the oil, which is extracted commercially, is largely from wild 
trees. This species and also Aleurites trisperma, the source of 
bagilumbang oil, grow rapidly in plantations, and the trees fruit 
in a few years. These species are very promising for planta- 
tion and reforestation projects, and great numbers have already 
been planted. It can, therefore, be safely predicted that the 
future supply of lumbang and bagilumbang oils will be mostly 
from planted trees. As these oils are valuable, there are bright 
prospects for the development of a considerable industry in the 
handling of them. Several other oil-producing species which 
have been tried in limited quantities in plantations give promise 
of doing well. Among them may be mentioned Pongamia pin- 
nata, Sterculia foetida, Terminalia catappa, and Sindora supa. 
Canarium luzonicum, the source of Manila elemi, also apparently 
does well in plantations. It would thus seem that the Manila 
elemi industry can best be developed from planted trees. This 
is probably likewise true of Canarium villosum and Agathis alba, 
although the latter species occurs in considerable abundance. 
While most of the oil plants and some of the resinous ones 
grow for the most part as scattered individuals, this is not true 
of all the resin-producing trees. Pinus insularis grows in pure 
stands of considerable extent in the mountain regions of central 
Luzon, and Pinus merkusti in Mindoro. Most of the species of the 
family Dipterocarpaceae are large and dominant trees and grow 
in such numbers that immense quantities of resin could be pro- 
duced. Unfortunately there is comparatively little market for 
these resins, although balau, from Dipterocarpus vernicifiuus, 
D. grandiflorus, and other species of Dipterocarpus, and Anisop- 
tera thurifera, appears to be very promising as a source of 
varnish resin and could be obtained in very large quantities. 
According to Foxworthy,* the species of Dipterocarpus make up 

* Foxworthy, F. W., Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II. Philippine Journal 
of Science, Section C, Volume 13 (1918), page 163. 
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