PREFACE 
For a number of years there has been in the Philippines con- 
siderable trade in the two resins, Manila copal or almaciga * and 
Manila elemi or brea blanca (Span., “white pitch’). The other 
resinous products of the Philippines have been used only to a 
very limited extent, while until recently there has been little 
commerce in Philippine oils other than ilang-ilang. 
Copra, which is the dried meat of the coconut and the source 
of the coconut oil of commerce, was formerly shipped from the 
Philippines in large quantities. Of late, however, there has been 
an extensive development of the coconut-oil industry in the 
Archipelago, a number of oil mills having been established in 
Manila and other parts of the Islands. Consequently, coconut 
oil is now expressed from the copra in Philippine oil mills and 
exported to other countries. The local commercial activities in 
this industry have been greatly accelerated by conditions due to 
the recent world conflict. 
This development of the coconut-oil industry has naturally led 
to a greatly increased interest in other oils and similar products; 
and so it seems fitting at this time to present a bulletin giving 
a short account of oils and resins which are the basis of com- 
mercial industries or which offer promising possibilities. From 
the discussions given in the introduction and in connection with 
the various species, it will be seen that a number of industries 
could be profitably developed, and that there are other new ones 
which are worthy of serious consideration. 
In discussing the various species of plants, we have used the 
following system: On the left of the page is given the scientific 
name, and on the right the local name adopted as official by the 
Bureau of Forestry. A list of local names in the various dialects 
follows. The first part of the discussion takes up the general 
uses and importance of the products concerned. This is suc- 
ceeded by a more technical description of the products, after 

* The Spanish name almaciga which is properly the equivalent of the 
English gum mastic (the product of Pistachia lentiscus) was incorrectly 
applied by the Spaniards in the Philippines to the resin of Agathis alba, 
a coniferous tree, and has become the commercial name, throughout the 
Islands, of the resin known in Europe and America as Manila copal. 
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