GUMS 71 
This species is not uncommon in cultivation in the Philippines, 
and is half wild. 
Family EUPHORBIACEAE 
Genus MACARANGA 
MACARANGA TANARIUS Muell-Arg. BINUNGA. 
Local names: Alangabun, anabun (Bagobo) ; bagambang, ma-dsim (Ri- 
zal); bilia (Pampanga) ; bilian, biningan, malabinga, biludn-lalaki (Ba- 
taan); bilunga (Tayabas) ; bing-zia (Nueva Vizcaya); bininga (Bataan, 
Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Camarines, Polillo, Mindoro, Guimaras Island, 
Negros, Palawan) ; binuga, lungakan, (Davao); gamu, sdmuk (Cagayan) ; 
ginabang (Benguet); labauel (Lepanto); lagaw (Bisaya) ; lagaon, ligabon 
(Manobo); malabiunga (Mindanao); minddéng (Camarines); mininga 
(Agusan); sdmak (Ilocos Norte, Abra, Camiguin Island). 
BINUNGA GUM 
A glue used for fastening together the parts of musical in- 
struments such as guitars, violins, etc., is obtained from the 
bark of this tree. The bark is tapped by V-shaped incisions, 
and the sap collected and used shortly afterwards. It is said 
that if the sap is allowed to stand until it becomes sticky, it 
is worthless for the above-mentioned purposes. Heyne * men- 
tions a similar use in Java. 
Macaranga tanarius is a small tree reaching a height of 4 to 
8 meters. The leaves are alternate, 10 to 25 centimeters long, 
shield-shaped, with the petiole attached to the lower surface 
within the margin. 
This species is very common and widely distributed in open 
places and second-growth forests throughout the Philippines. 
Family SAPOTACEAE 
: Genus ACHRAS 
ACHRAS SAPOTA L. Cuico. 
CHICLE GUM 
Gum chicle, which is the principal substance used in the manu- 
facture of chewing gum, is derived from the bark of this plant. 
In the Philippines, Achras sapota is extensively grown for its 
edible fruits known as chicos. No gum chicle is produced locally, 
although it would seem that it might be a profitable industry. 
The following short account of gum chicle is taken from the 
‘National Standard Dispensatory.+ 
Somewhat like Gutta-percha in its general nature is Chicle, or Gum 

* Heyne, K., De Nuttige Planten van Nederlandsch-Indié, Volume 3 
(1916), page 86. 
+ National Standard Dispensatory (1905), page 751. 
