102 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
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leaves are alternate, pointed at the tip, and frequently have the 
petiole attached within the margin. The flowers are whitish 
and about 1 centimeter wide. 
This species is distributed from Luzon to Mindanao, but is 
apparently not common. 
Family MORINGACEAE 
Genus MORINGA 
MORINGA OLEIFERA Lam. MALUNGGAI or HORSE-RADISH TREE. 
Local names: Arunggdi (Pangasinan); balunggdi (Cuyo Islands); ka- 
lamunggdi (Misamis); kalunggdi (Camarines) ; kamalunggdi (Mindoro) ; 
kamalunggi (Pampanga); malugdai (Culion Island); malunggai (Tarlac, 
Bulacan, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Manila, Batangas, Tayabas, 
Mindoro, Capiz, Zamboanga); marunggdi (Ilocos Norte and Sur, Abra) ; 
maronggoi (Zambales). 
BEN OIL 
The root of this species has a taste somewhat like that of 
horse-radish and in India is eaten by Europeans as a substitute 
for it. The wood, when fresh, has a like taste and odor. This 
species yields seeds from which ben oil is obtained. 
The oil is said to be used for salads and culinary purposes, 
and to equal the best Florence oil as an illuminant. 
According to the bulletin of the Imperial Institute :* 
The oil is particularly valuable for ointments since it can be kept for 
almost any length of time without undergoing oxidation. This property, 
together with the absence of colour, smell and taste, renders it peculiarly 
adapted for use in the “enfleurage” process of extracting perfumes. 
The seeds of Moringa oleifera consist of about 8 per cent of 
husks and 92 per cent of kernels. The shelled kernels yield 
about 36 per cent of ben oil, which is obtained by expression. 
Table 10 shows the constants of cold- and hot-pressed oil obtained 
from Nigerian ben seeds.+ Analyses of the oil cake which is 
left after expelling the oil from the ben seeds are given in 
Table 11. 
TABLE 10.—Constants of ben oil. 


Crude Crude 
cold- me 
pressed | press 
Constants. oil from | oil from 
northern northern 
Nigeria. | Nigeria. 


i | 
Specificieravity 222.2 ee ak ea a 2 ER ee Be See 0.9018 | 0.8984 

[> icid vale ae. Soh LT aac A a A 1 Pe ene ee es eve 49.71  |100.50 
Saponificationsvalue= > 20 22 ee Se ee ee ene ee 179.20 {178.70 
Unsaponifiablesnatter: 2-2. ae ee ee 1 ee 1.67 2.69 
Lodine: valine’. 2's 8 Ce ee re a A ANS LB ee Fie SE 100.30 88. 00 

* Bulletin of the Imperial Institute. Volume 2 (1904), page 118. 
+ Bulletin of the Imperial Institute. Volume 6, 1908, page 359. 


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