112 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
« 
the more so from the contradictory nature of the literature regarding it, 
for the seeds might be obtained in any quantity and cheaply, should the 
oil prove of commercial value. 
Family SIMARUBACEAE 
Genus SAMADERA 
SAMADERA INDICA Gaertn. MANUNGGAL. 
Local names: Malunggdal (Mindoro); manunggdl (Cagayan, Lanao). 
MANUNGGAL OIL 
Heyne * says that Greshoff reports an oil content of one-third 
of the weight of the seed kernels. Heyne also states that the 
plant bears fruits in three years. : 
Samadera indica is a tree reaching a height of about 10 meters 
and a diameter of about 20 centimeters. The leaves are alter- 
nate, leathery, somewhat oval, pointed at both ends, and from 
12 to 20 or more centimeters in length. The fruits are about 
6 centimeters long, flattened, and inequilateral. 
This species is distributed from Luzon to Mindanao and Pal- 
awan, but is apparently rare. 
Family BURSERACEAE 
Genus CANARIUM 
Several species of the genus Canarium bear edible nuts which 
have a fine flavor and yield a valuable oil. The nuts are known 
as pili nuts. The largest are apparently produced by Canarium “ 
ovatum and these nuts are sold commercially as pili. 
CANARIUM OVATUM Engl. (Fig. 40). Pini. 
Local names: Andnggi (Sorsogon); basidd, lipuiti, pilauai (Tayabas) ; 
pildui (Polillo); pili (Tayabas, Polillo, Camarines, Sorsogon, Samar, Su- 
rigao). 
PILI NUTS AND PILI-NUT OIL ’ 
The nuts of this species are very rich in oil, and when roasted 
have a delicious flavor. They are served in the same manner as 
almonds, and by many are considered superior to the latter. 
The nuts are also used considerably in the making of confections. 
In Camarines, the roasted kernels are used to adulterate choc- 
olate. The uncooked nuts have a purgative effect. In 1913, 
1,186,173 kilograms of pili nuts were exported from Manila. 
The oil obtained from the nuts of Canariwm ovatum is sweet, 
and suitable for culinary purposes. The fruits are 6 to 7 cen- 
timeters in length and consist of hard, thick-shelled, triangular 
nuts surrounded by a small amount of pulp. This pulp, which t 


* Heyne, K., De Nuttige Planten van Nederlandsch-Indié, Volume 3 
(1917), page 23. 
