SEED OILS 115 
This species, like Canarium luzonicum, yields Manila elemi, 
for a discussion of which see Canarium luzonicum, in the section 
on resins. 
Canarium ovatum is a tree reaching a height of about 20 
meters and a diameter of about 40 centimeters. The leaves are 
alternate and compound with opposite leaflets, which are smooth, 
rounded at the base, pointed at the tip, and from 10 to 20 centi- 
meters in length. The flowers are greenish, fragrant, and about 
a centimeter long. 
This species is very abundant in southern Luzon. 
Family MELIACEAE 
Genus CHISOCHETON 
CHISOCHETON CUMINGIANUS Harms. (Fig. 41). BALUKANAG. 
Local names: Balita (Bukidnon sub-province;) balukandg (Laguna, 
Camarines, Catanduanes Island); batudkan (Benguet, Union); bayongboi 
(Nueva Vizcaya); diuwalat (Tayabas); dudés (Albay); kalimotdin (La- 
guna); kdto (Bataan); makalsa (Negrito in Cagayan); malakaldd (Ne- 
gros Oriental); maramabélo (Cagayan); pakalsa (Cagayan); salagin 
(Laguna). 
BALUKANAG OIL 
This species produces a nut averaging 3 centimeters in length 
and 2.5 centimeters in width. The nut contains a considerable 
percentage of non-drying oil. It is reported to have been, before 
petroleum became common, the chief source of illuminating oil 
in certain regions. The nuts have rather hard shells which, 
according to Brill and Agcaoili,* constitute about 60 per cent 
of the total weight of the seed and are somewhat difficult to 
separate from the meat. They found that 1 kilogram of shelled 
nuts after drying weighed 698 grams, and yielded by extraction 
with petroleum ether 308 grams, or approximately 31 per cent 
of the fresh kernels, of a reddish-brown oil which had the specific 
gravity 0.9203 at 15.5° C. 
The dried kernels had the following composition: 
Per cent. 
| UPA MG SRI? (ed: Fr9t2 617710) 11) ee eae ame oem Re pets gs enn atts cei me 44,12 
TETNELHEN Lt 9 (20 [e52 USE) ART dad vera te, in ee eee Sea 9.00 
ING ny. (i, Mp eed DOS ears pe a tees Penis ee eee ee 3.19 
By expression of the dried kernel, Brill and Agcaoili obtained 
35.56 per cent of balukanag oil. According to them, the oil has 
a rancid odor, is non-drying, and has purgative properties. The 
laxative effect of 5 parts of this would be approximately equiva- 

* Brill, H. C. and Agcaoili, F., Philippine oil-bearing seeds and their 
properties: II. Philippine Journal of Science, Section A, Volume 10 (1915), 
page 107. 
