118 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
€ 
60 per cent of solid fat with a strong, bitter taste, which can 
be removed by prolonged boiling with water. The odor is 
slightly acid and somewhat aromatic. 
According to Watt: * 
The seeds yield, on expression, a whitish semi-solid fat. This remains 
fluid only at high temperatures. It is used as a hair-oil, and also for 
burning purposes, 
Family EUPHORBIACEAE 
Genus ALEURITES 
TUNG OIL AND LUMBANG OILS 
This genus contains a number of species with nuts which .¢ 
yield a valuable oil. Perhaps the best known of these oils is 
Chinese wood oil or tung oil. This is derived from at least two 
Chinese species of the genus, Aleurites fordii Hemsley and A. 
montana Wilson, which do not occur in the Philippines. Tung 
oil, which has properties quite similar to those of the Philippine 
lumbang oils, has been investigated quite extensively, and for 
this reason a short account of this important oil has been in- 
cluded. 
Tung oil is used in large quantities for the preparation of 
paints, varnishes, linoleum, and for other similar purposes. 
According to Brill and Agcaoili + 5,000,000 gallons of Chinese 
wood oil were imported from China into the United States in -¢ 
1911. These writers state that 40,000 trees have been planted 
in the southern states by American paint concerns. 
As regards the importance of tung oil, the Oil, Paint, and 
Drug Reporter + states: 
* * * In recent years this oil has revolutionized the varnish industry 
of the United States, for it has made possible the manufacture of a quick- € 
drying varnish that is less liable to crack than that made from kauri gum. 
Tung oil has also been found of special value in waterproof priming for 
CEMent nn wena 
EXTRACTION METHODS 
The Chinese methods employed for extracting the oil, although crude, 
are effective. After the seeds are removed from the husks they are 
placed in a circular stone trough, where they are crushed by a stone roller 
drawn by a buffalo, cow, or ass. The pulverized meal is partially roasted 
in shallow pans, then steamed over boiling water, the product meantime 

* Watt, G., Dictionary of the economic products of India, Volume 2 
(1889), page 141. 
+ Brill, H. C. and Agceaoili, F., Philippine oil-bearing seeds and their 
properties: II. Philippine Journal of Science, Section A, Volume 10 «¢ 
(1915), page 113. 
~ Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter, Volume 91, February 12, 1917, page 
48L. 
