a ae 
140 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
Richmond and Rosario say that the physic nuts they examined‘ 
gave 45 per cent of hulls and 55 per cent of kernels; the latter 
yielded by extraction with chloroform 63.05 per cent of oil, 
which corresponds to 34.65 per cent calculated on the basis of 
whole seeds. 
Jatropha curcas is an erect shrub or small tree 2 to 5 meters 
in height. The leaves are entire, angular or somewhat 3- to 
5-lobed, and 10 to 18 centimeters long; the apex is pointed, the 
base heart-shaped, the petiole long. The flowers are greenish 
white, and 7 to 8 millimeters in diameter. The capsule is rounded, 
at first fleshy, but later becoming dry, and composed of 2 or 3 
one-seeded divisions which are 3 or 4 centimeters long. 
This species is a native of tropical America, but is now * 
thoroughly naturalized and widely distributed throughout the 
Philippines, being most commonly cultivated in towns as a 
hedge-plant. Hence the name tubang-bakod, tba being a name 
given to many plants of this family used for poisoning fish and 
bakod the Tagalog word for hedge or fence. 
JATROPHA MULTIFIDA L. Mand. 
Local name: Mand (Spanish-Filipino). 
MANA OIL 
According to Heyne* the seeds are poisonous and contain 
about 30 per cent of oil, which is apparently very similar to 
that of Jatropha curcas. It is used in Java more for illu- 
minating purposes than as a purgative. 
Jatropha multifida is a shrub 2 or 3 meters in height. The 
petioles are as long as the leaves. The leaves are alternate, 
15 to 30 centimeters long and divided nearly to the base into 
about ten rather narrow lobes, which are in turn frequently 
lobed. The flowers are red and 5 to 6 millimeters long. The © 
capsule is somewhat three-angled and about 2 centimeters long. 
This species is occasionally cultivated in the Philippines and 
is distributed from Luzon to Mindanao. 
a 
Genus MALLOTUS 
MALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS Muell. Arg. BANATO. 
BANATO OIL 
A description and the local names of this species are given 
in the section on dyes. 
According to Watt + the seeds yield 5.83 per cent of a bland 

* Heyne, K., De Nuttige Planten van Nederlandsch-Indié, Volume 3 € 
(1917), page 100. 
y+ Watt, G., The commercial products of India (1908), page 757. 
