158 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
is 12 to 20 millimeters thick, brown, with a decided yellow 
tinge, and has a tendency to divide into distinct ridges, which 
are often broken into irregular rectangular patches by cross 
fissures. The inner bark is pink to yellowish, with concentric 
lines of darker color. When the bark is cut, a sticky, yellowish 
sap exudes. The fruit is the size of a walnut. It has an outer 
fleshy portion and contains a thin-shelled seed with a hard, oily 
kernel. 
This species is probably distributed in all parts of the Phil- 
ippines bordering on the coast. 
Family DIPTEROCARPACEAE 
A fat known as Borneo tallow is obtained from certain dip-* 
terocarp trees, especially Shorea, Hopea, and Isoptera. Hefter * 
states that Borneo tallow is used in the Sunda Islands as food 
and for making soap. He says that it has a light green or yellow 
color and, when in a fresh condition, a pleasant taste, somewhat 
like that of coco butter. 
According to Foxworthy,; this fat is used for manufacturing 
candles, for cooking purposes, and for lubricating machinery. 
He further says that it is derived chiefly from Shorea and Isop- 
tera, and that the seeds of these species have a local value in 
Borneo of 7.50 dollars per picul. 
Two species which Hefter says yield this product, Shorea ba- 
langeran (Korth.) Dyer and Isoptera borneensis Scheff., have * 
been reported from the Philippines. 
A tree that is called Shorea balangeran (gisok) is distributed 
in the Philippines from Luzon to Mindanao, but has never been 
collected in fruit. Foxworthy ¢ says: 
Our material credited to this species resembles very closely that shown 
in Korthals’ original figure [Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1848) t. 7] in leaf and 
flower characters, except that there are more than fifteen stamens, in some 
cases about thirty, and the appendage to the connective is ciliate. The 
style is also shorter than that shown in the figure. I have not seen the 
type of Shorea balangeran and thus do not feel that it is desirable to 
describe our form as a new species. Much of our material is sterile. 
The fruit has not yet been collected. 
The only records we have of the occurrence of Isoptera bor- 
neensis in the Philippines are seven collections from the District 
of Zamboanga, Mindanao, and from Camarines. 

* Hefter, G., Technologie der Fette und Ole, Volume 2 (1908), page 680. 
+ Foxworthy, F. W., Minor forest products and jungle produce. British 
North Borneo Bulletin No. 1 (1916), page 57. 
~ Foxworthy, F. W., Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II. Philippine 
Journal of Science, Section C, Volume 13 (1918), page 187. 
