168 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
€ 
The Philippine exports of sesame seed and oil for several years 
are given in Table 28. 
TABLE 28.—A mount and value of sesame seeds and oil exported from the 
Philippines from 1914 to 1918. 
Seeds. Oil. 
Year. -— 
Amount.| Value. | Amount.| Value. 




Kilo- Kilo- 
grams. Pesos. grams. Pesos. 
5 AS) eee eee ee Ae ee eee = See aa 53, 1385 4,328 |. 2. 222)-2 |e 
1) | ee senna eee eee a ee ee 62, 881 7,464. |_2 ee eee 




Ui ee no eres Sot ere Se SS eS SS SSS es 316, 198 46, 676. |.-2=- 2 =| Eases 
1D (ea sas Sah + se eee cee sees soe sears sees ees 168, 878 21,558) |--2_ 222222 eee 
IR ie ee Se Se oe et Sea cesemeeeae) ceeercsce Ses 120, 802 30, 661 6, 248 1,250 
The best quality of sesame oil is obtained from the first ex- 
pression in the cold, and is used for edible purposes such as the 
manufacture of margarine, which is an artificial butter or butter 
substitute. Oils of the second or third expression are employed 
particularly in soap making. After the free fatty acids have 
been removed from the lower grades, they are likewise useful 
for illuminating and lubricating purposes. 
The oil cake contains about 9 per cent of oil. It serves as an 
excellent cattle food. Oil cake which has been extracted with 
solvents serves as fertilizer. 
Before the war, sesame seeds were chiefly crushed on the con- 
tinent of Europe. In several continental countries the inclusion 
of a certain quantity of sesame oil in margarine was compul- 
sory, to facilitate its detection when used to adulterate butter. 
This factor raised the price, with the result that the British 
margarine producers substituted other oils, said to be cheaper 
and equally good. The seed is, however, now crushed in Eng- 
land, and it has been predicted that this practice will continue 
and extend if the price of the seeds remains at about the same 
level as that of the other oil seeds.* 
In India and other eastern countries, the oil is expressed by 
primitive methods and employed largely in cooking, for anointing 
the body, and for lamps. About 400,000 tons of sesame seeds 
per year are used in India; in Burma about 100,000 tons. The 
average annual export from India is about 100,000 tons. India 
also exports about 180,000 tons of oil annually. The total im- 




* The oil-seed industry of Rhodesia. Bulletin of the Imperial Institute, 
Volume 15 (1917), page 477. 
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a 
