184 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
In experimenting with champaka flowers it is necessary to 
work rapidly because a few hours after picking, the flowers 
turn brown and begin to lose their fragrance. The oil obtained 
from these flowers has been investigated by Bacon * and by 
Brooks.+ According to Bacon: 
The yield appears to be over 0.2 per cent. The crude oil on standing 
separated a large amount of a crystalline solid. This was filtered and an 
additional quantity of it was again separated by the addition of ether, in 
which the solid is quite insoluble. The remaining oil, after standing for 
some weeks in the laboratory, continued to solidify until it gradually 
became semisolid. The second solid which separated was amorphous and 
appeared to be resinous in nature. If this semisolid extract is treated 
with 70 per cent alcohol, about half of it separates in the form of the 
amorphous, brown, odorless body. This was filtered and the filtrate con- 
centrated at 40° in vacuo until a brown oil separated, which had a very 
fine odor of champaca, and was readily soluble in 70 per cent alcohol or 
stronger. Our oil had the following constants: Specific gravity, ae 
a0" 1.4550; saponification number, 160. Another 
D 
1.020; refractive index, N = 1.4830; 
0.9548; refractive index, N 
30° 
30 
saponification number, 180. The second oil had the finer odor. The oils 
were too dark to permit of determinations of the optical activity. * * * 
Fifty grams of champaka oil (soluble in 70 per cent alcohol, ester 
number 180) were saponified with 10 grams potassium hydrate in 100 cubic 
centimeters of 95 per cent alcohol. After heating for one hour with a 
reflux condenser, two volumes of water were added; 4.5 grams of an 
amorphous solid separated. This was filtered and the filtrate was separated 
into neutral, acid, and phenol fractions. By saponification the champaka 
oil loses all of its characteristic odor, which therefore must be due to 
esters. 
The phenol fraction (1.5 grams) proved to consist principally of iso- 
eugenol, as benzoyl iso-eugenol melting at 103° could be obtained from it. 
The total acid fraction weighed 15 grams. None of this acid boils below 
140° at 40 millimeters; hence there is no methyl ethyl acetic acid. No acids 
have as yet been identified. 
The neutral portion weighed 23 grams and had an odor somewhat similar 
to that of oil of bay. 
oil had specific gravity, 
Bacon found that the solid which crystallizes from the freshly 
prepared oil, after repeated crystallization from benzene and 
petroleum ether, forms odorless, white crystals. 
Brooks examined two samples of champaka oil and obtained 
the constants recorded in Table 29. 

* Bacon, R. F., Philippine terpenes and essential oils, III, Philippine 
Journal of Science, Section A, Volume 4 (1909), page 131; IV, Volume 5 
(1910), page 262. 
+ Brooks, B. T., New Philippine essential oils. Philippine Journal of 
Science, Section A, Volume 6 (1911), page 333. 
