188 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
€ 
TABLE 30.—Amount and value of ilang-ilang oil exported from the Philip- 
pine Islands. 





Year. Amount.| Value. 
Kilo- 
grams. Pesos. 
TOG seo Se ose Seb eos cec eset eee ee eee So ee ee 1,277 | 48,514 
| AE 5 eta Re en Se cece se ec eS eo soe ss ast ee seen oe ree oe sober sce scecrseses 975 | 75,032 
DOU ae ee es ee ee ee se ee ee 2,286 | 93,951 
ONS eos oo ee Pe a oe es ease eae eae ee ee 476 | 65,595 




MANUFACTURE OF OIL 
The flowers are usually picked at night and are collected in* 
the morning by the people who deliver them at the distilleries. 
In Manila the best flowers are usually obtained in May and June. 
We have little information as to the yield of flowers produced 
by a single tree, but it is apparently large. 
Bacon,* who made an extensive investigation of ilang-ilang 
oil, did not believe that the distillation offered any special diffi- 
culties, but that it was necessary to collect only the proper frac- 
tion. He found that when the flowers are distilled commercially 
the procedure is frequently not carried out in the proper manner 
and that consequently a low grade of oil is often obtained. 
* * * The important points where many err, and this is especially 
true of the provincial distillers, is in the wrong choice of fractions, in* 
burning the flowers and in obtaining too much resin in the oil. The oil 
must be distilled slowly, with clean steam, the flowers being so placed in 
the stills as to avoid their being cut into channels by the steam. The 
quantity of the oil taken is only a fraction of the total amount in the 
flowers. Disregard of this factor is one of the most grievous errors of 
the provincial distillers, for, on the contrary, they are usually too anxious 
to obtain a large yield of oil, and therefore they will often distill 1 kilo* 
from 150 to 200 kilos of flowers. The quantity of the latter to be taken 
to produce 1 kilo of oil naturally varies with their quality, but in general 
the amount should be 300 to 500 kilos, probably averaging about 400. 
After the first quality oil has been distilled, then a varying quantity of 
the second grade, up to a volume equal to that of the first, may be obtained 
from the same lot of flowers; after this operation the still and condensers 
must be thoroughly cleaned and steamed out to prevent contamination of 

* Bacon, R. F., Philippine terpenes and essential oils, II. Ylang-ylang 
oil. Philippine Journal of Science, Section A, Volume 3 (1908), page 65. 
Bacon, R. F., Philippine terpenes and essential oils, III. Oil of Ylang- 
ylang. Philippine Journal of Science, Section A, Volume 4 (1909), page 
12% 
Bacon, R. F., Philippine terpenes and essential oils, IV. Oil of Ylang- 
ylang. Philippine Journal of Science, Section A, Volume 5 (1910), page 
265. 
