242 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 
locally in preparing anisado, which is a favorite alcoholic bev-“* 
erage among the Filipinos. 
Brooks * examined the oil obtained from the leaves of this 
species and states that: 
A quantity of leaves, weighing approximately 16 kilos, were distilled 
with steam over a period of about five hours and 185 grams of colorless 
oil were obtained. This oil resembled the fresh leaves in odor and pos- 
sessed the following constants. Specific gravity, a =0.963; N “ =1.52385; 
saponification number 3.6; the oil is inactive. * * * 
The oil has a faint odor of anise or anethol, which, together with the 
constants, identifies it almost with certainty as methyl chavicol. For 
further proof, a small portion was oxidized with potassium permanganate | 
to homoanisic acid, melting point, 84° to 86°. * * * 
Therefore, it is evident that the oil from Clausena contains methyl 
chavicol to the extent of 90 to 95 per cent. * * * 
The occurrence of methyl chavicol, especially in such large proportions, 
in one of the Rutaceae is quite novel. * * * 
Owing to the ease with which methyl chavicol is converted into anethol, 
by treatment with alkalies, it is possible that this operation would be 
successful commercially. Considerable quantities of anise oil are annually 
imported into the Philippine Islands for the manufacture of anisado. How- 
ever it is doubtful whether or not Clausena could successfully be cultivated, 
as it is a typical forest species. 
Clausena anisum-olens is a small tree, 3 to 6 meters high. 
The leaves are alternate, 20 to 30 centimeters long, compound, 
with 7 to 11 leaflets which are inequilateral, pointed at the tip, 
5 to 11 centimeters in length, and with toothed margins. The 
leaves are aromatic when crushed. The flowers are greenish 
white, fragrant, about 8 millimeters in diameter, and are borne 
in panicles which are 15 to 20 centimeters long. 
This species is a native of the Philippines, is widely distrib- 
- 
uted, and is abundant in some places. It is occasionally cul-# 
tivated. 
Genus TODDALIA 
TODDALIA ASIATICA (L.) Kurz. 
Local names: Atdngen, bugkdu, bukkdu, subit (Benguet) ; daudg (Rizal). 
TODDALIA ASIATICA OIL 
According to D. Hooper,; the oil obtained by distilling the 
leaves of this species has a pleasant odor resembling verbena 
or basilicum. Gildemeister and Hoffman + state that the oil 

* Brooks, B. T., New Philippine essential oils. Philippine Journal of 
Science, Section A, Volume 6 (1911), page 344. 
+ Schimmel, Semi-annual report (1898). 
+ Die Aetherischen Ole, Berlin (1899), page 601. 
