CAMPANULA. 
C. trachyphylla, also called C. Intybus, is a quite inferior and coarse- 
leaved small-flowered weed in the section of C. Tracheliwm, and is no 
more worth culture than another coarsened version, C. trachelioeides. 
C. trichopoda (C. spathulata, Ehrenb.), not appreciated by all 
authorities at its face-value, is a rock-plant, daintily grey with down, 
and with very very many, very very fine stems springing out to some 
5 inches from the’central rosette, which is made up of oval little leaves, 
perfectly smooth-edged, and drawing down to a thread-like petiole 
rather thin and membranous in texture. This may be seen about 
5000 feet up, on the shady cliffs and cool places of Lebanon, its lax 
and almost fleshy branchlings splaying flat against the face of the 
cliff, and breaking out in a galaxy of small pale-blue flowers. 
C. tridentata is the beautiful delight of all our gardens, so often con- 
fused with C. Saxifraga. From this it differs principally and obviously 
in the long narrow-oval leaves. These are the same, to start with, 
in both species, and have the same fringe of almost woolly hair. But 
in C. Saxifraga they are perfectly smooth all round their edge, or, if 
toothed at all, toothed from the middle of the leaf-blade along up to its 
tip. But in C. tridentata they are perfectly smooth-edged up to the end, 
and then there, and there only, and there always, notched into three 
definite nicks (very rarely into five or six). Otherwise these cousins 
of C. alpestris form a trinity of beauty with C. ciliata, from which, 
among other points, C. Saxifraga differs finally in having a woollyish 
calyx, not set with any stiffish hairs as in C. ciliata. They are all of 
them most resplendent tuft-forming species of the stony rough places 
and alpine barrens, profusely radiating from their rosettes those 
single stalks, each carrying one voluminous bell of violet. C. tri- 
dentata lives in Pontus, Armenia, and Cappadocia, from 6500 to 10,000 
feet, and in its higher reaches develops a stemless form called 
C. stenophylla. The type itself has had many names, besides the 
illegitimate one that belongs to C. Saxifraga, for it has been C. tridens 
(Rupr., Bieb., R. and Schl.) and also C. rupestris (MB.), And there 
has even been a despairing movement by Trautvetter to sweep into 
the one name of C. tridentata all the following diverse and distinct 
Campanulas: CC. ciliata, Saxifraga, Ruprechtii, bellidifolia, Aucheri, 
ardonensis, and petrophila—a confession of weakness in no way justified 
by the clearly separable characters of the different species as de- 
scribed. The culture of C. tridentata is, of course, the same as that 
of the others in its group ; and, like all the rest, and C. alpestris also, 
it is an ornament of mid summer, profusely blooming and then 
quickly passing over, with no more glory to fill the remaining months, 
when the Elatinoids, Garganicas, Rotundifolias, Bellardiis, Isophyllas, 
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