CODONOPSIS. 
borealis and C’. umbellulata are easy doers in cool soil, where they throw 
up oval, green, and glossy luxuriant foliage, in a tuft, far above 
which, on fine wiry stems, spring small and not particularly attractive 
huddles of green or greeny-white stars, like heads of garlic above the 
very leafage, but stiffened, of Alliwm ursinum. Rather more choice are 
C. alpina and C. udensis, perhaps ; but the one indispensable member 
of the family is lovely C. Andrewsii from the coasts of California, which 
has the same rosetted upstanding clumps of glossy foliage from the 
base, and then on a bare stem of about a foot carries a loose head of 
nodding rose-pink flowers, to be followed by berries of a brilliant blue 
on a heightened scape of nearly double its original stature. 
Cnicus.—No rock-garden dares look at a thistle, whether it call 
itself Cnicus or Carduus or Cirsium or Alfredia ; but perhaps Cnicus 
nivalis may be for the moment beckoned. For this is a most rare and 
unproven high-alpine from the damp moraines of Mexico, and it is 
hoped that in similar treatment here it may repeat its original beauty 
of dense dwarf rosettes of thick leaves, from which emerge very leafy : 
branching stalks with heads of snow-white woolly blossoms some 
4 or 5 inches across, from June to October. Seed. 
Cochlearia, a race of alpine or maritime Crucifers, forming at- 
tractive rosettes of spoon-shaped foliage, richly glossy and dark-green, 
with shorter or longer spikes of white flowers in spring. In damp 
rich places on the rock-work many are effective, C. sazatilis (Kernera) 
being the commonest, and of more airy grace; the others are C. 
Boissieri, C. alpina (Rhizobotrya), C. sempervirens, C, aphragmodes, C., 
groenlandica, and C. pyrenaica ; and it may be doubted whether any are 
much finer than the high-alpine neat forms C. danica and C. anglica 
of the common C. officinalis as they may be scen in the high hills 
(as, for instance, under the Western face of Ingleborough), there 
achieving a dwarf stature which even in the garden they do not wholly 
lose, notwithstanding that the stems may eventually tend to elongate 
a little, and stretch themselves with fatness. 
Codonopsis, which has also been Campanumaea and Glosso- 
comia, is a race of twining, flopping Campanulads, greatly now in 
confusion ; to add to which, new species are perpetually coming in 
from the mountains of Central Asia, where the family has its home. 
They are all gracious laxities, and thrive perennially in good light soil, 
and are well placed on a high bank of the garden, where the leafiness 
of the foot-high straggling stems may not be so plainly seen, while 
all the summer through their pale pendent bells nod down at the 
passer-by, who can thus appreciate the full daintiness of their internal 
decorations, instead of merely being left cold by the chill blues of the 
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