21 



Hats. — In Pangasinan and Albay some hats are made 

 entirely of nito or of nito combined with Calasiao splints. 

 In a number of provinces the splints are used in the manu- 

 facture of the type of unblocked Philippine hat commonly 

 known as "salakot." 



Miscellaneous. — In several provinces very fine cigarette 

 cases, pocketbooks, and similar articles are made from nito 

 splints combined with Calasiao splints. Buri and nito are 

 used with good effect for small articles of various kinds by 

 having the under and wider strips of buri and the upper 

 and narrower of nito. If nito splints only are used, a very 

 pleasing effect can be secured by scraping away the black 

 epidermis from the sides, thus having a central strip of 

 black and on each side of it a white strip. Another varia- 

 tion consists in scraping the central part. This gives a 

 white central strip and two black strips. 



Union and Camarines Provinces manufacture riding 

 whips in which black nito, or combinations of the various 

 colored splints obtainable from this fern, are wound around 

 rattan. To vary the designs on the whips, bamboo and irao 

 strips are often used besides nito. 



At the first Philippine exposition in 1912, the schools of 

 Camarines showed napkin rings having a foundation of 

 bamboo and wound about with bamboo and nito strips 

 combined so as to form various designs. The Mangyans 

 use the fern for belts or, with red-colored rattan, for head 

 ornaments. 



(6) NONTWINING FERNS. 



There are four species of nontwining ferns at present 

 utilized in industrial work. In these species, with one ex- 

 ception, the inner fibers are used, while in the twining ferns 

 the outer epidermis region is generally utilized. 



liOCDO. 



(Dryopteris pteroides.) 



Locdo (Samar). Collected also by B. of S. in Ilocos Norte, Laguna, 

 Mindoro, Pampanga, Rizal, Zamboanga. 



This fern grows to be over a meter high. It is usually 

 found in shady places on hillsides and in valleys. Its leaf- 

 lets are from 10 to 20 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide, and 



