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stems of these plants are used in industrial work. One is 

 a plant growing in moist localities, the other an orchid found 

 on trees. 



IRAO. 



(Dendrobium crumenatum.) 



Irao (Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon) ; caramosi (Ilocos Sur) ; karonsi 

 (Ilocos Norte) ; karausi (Cagayan) ; karulay (Isabela) ; magimpal, 

 magimpao (Bohol) ; manano (Leyte) ; sangumay (Laguna). 



The stalk of this orchid is about 60 cm. or more long 

 and for a distance of about 20 cm. at the base is bulbous 

 and fluted. The joints are usually from 1 to 2 cm. apart. 

 The leaves are small and more or less oval in shape. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



The plant is of rather common occurrence and widely 

 distributed in the Philippines. 



PREPARATION. 



The stalks of irao are cut when they are only partly 

 yellow in the living specimen. If cutting is deferred until 

 the whole stalk is dead and yellow, the material is very 

 brittle. To make the stalks of an even bright-yellow color, 

 they are placed for a short time in boiling water or in water 

 to which a little vinegar has been added. Exposing the 

 cut stalks to the sun produces the same result. The stem 

 should be split through the scars that mark the attachment 

 of leaves. 



USES. 



Irao is a decorative material. It is used for this purpose 

 on baskets and whips of various kinds. 



BAND AN. 



(Donax cannaeformis.) 



Banban (T.) (Albay, Antique, Bohol, Cagayan, Capiz, Cavite, Iloilo, 

 Laguna, Mindoro, Occidental Negros, Oriental Negros, Palawan, 

 Pampanga, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Tayabas) ; aratan (Gad. in Nueva 

 Vizcaya) ; bamban (Camarines, Cebu, Sorsogon) ; barasbarasan 

 (T.) ; daromaka (II. in Tarlac); darumaka (Union, II. in Nueva 

 Vizcaya, Zambales) ; langkuas (II.) ; manban (Leyte) ; mattapal 

 (Isi. in Nueva Vizcaya). 



