MEMOIR. <lvil 
(and thus only) that such a physique goes with a succulent habit, and 
therefore, 27 other words, the succulent varieties alone are favoured. 
The ‘ modification in one way of plants by seaside habitat’ is not, in so far 
as the plant is concerned, different from your ‘modification in another 
way of insects by action of predaceous enemies.’ In either case the struggle 
for life comes into play, but less markedly in the seaside habitat case. This 
is a very small criticism, but then it is my only one, and so must make most 
of it! How goes on the book? I have been dreadfully busy all summer, 
and wish I were in touch with you, and knew when my daily work ended. 
‘* Ever sincerely yours, 
** fos: D, HOOKER,” 
H. W. Bates to Dr. F D. Flooker. 
‘KING STREET, LEICESTER, MVovember 17th, 1862. 
‘My DEAR DR. HOCKER, 
‘«T need not say how glad I am to have your good opinion (given so 
promptly) on my little essay. To tell you the truth I bestowed extra pains on 
it, because I considered that what I had previously done was not sufficient to 
merit the high estimation which yourself and Mr. Darwin so very kindly placed 
upon it. As to being satisfied with the treatment of the society, I shall con- 
sider myself a lucky man to escape a severe scolding (I know Kippist will 
inflict it) for putting it to so much expense. Mr. Busk rather pressed me 
towards the last, and I finished in a hurry; consequently I had to re-write 
about two pages, besides other alterations, after the treatise was put in type. 
‘The printer was also very careless in altering some of the type in some sheets, 
which had to be changed, soI am afraid the expense altogether will be great. 
“*You hit me on what I know is a weak point. You will recollect our 
discussion (by letter) last winter,* and will have perceived how much I have 
been influenced by your teaching, for I have abandoned the notion that 
physical conditions on the individuals have had anything to do with the 
production of those close imitations figured. But I find it difficult to abandon 
the idea of some effect being produced directly on individuals by the action 
of physical conditions. If half a dozen beetles belonging to different genera 
-show brassy varieties when living under the sea air, if a number of butterflies, 
equally independent of each other, have their orange colour changed into 
brown in the interior of the South American continent, and if many different 
plants become changed in a similar way on the seaside, or on the mountain, 
it seems to me that all have been operated upon by local physical conditions. 
But your remarks, I believe, will tend to change my opinion, for I can see, 
by their light, that selection may have been, after all, the cause of the 
establishment of the varietal forms. 
‘‘T have thought that when a species first migrated, say to the seaside, 
the effects of sea air would be visible in a generation or two, and there- 
fore that the maritime variety would be due to direct action. If, however, it 
required a very great number of generations to effect the change we now see, 
why then, of course, natural selection must have played a part. You would 
* This correspondence cannot be found. 
