MEMOIR. Ixxxi 
introducing the use of new characters, but in selecting what is best 
in the various older systems. “ While doing this he has been able, 
from his wide knowledge, to settle the proper positions of a number 
of forms that have been discovered and described in recent years, 
but whose affinities had been left more or less doubtful.” 
The foregoing far from represents the extent of his literary 
work. Although he was the author of only one book, he was the 
editor or reviser of nearly a dozen others. He took in hand the 
materials furnished by his friend Paul du Chaillu, after his return 
from Ashango-land, and put them into shape for publication 
(1867); revised Mrs. Somerville’s Physzcal Geography throughout 
(1870); saw Belt’s Naturalist in Nicaragua through the press 
(1873); edited Humbert’s Japan and the Japanese (1873); Kolde- 
wey’s German Arctic Expedition of 1869-70 (1874); Warburton’s 
Journey across the Western Interior of Australia (1875); Hellwald’s 
Central America in Stanford’s Compendium of Geography and 
Travel (1878), and also a series of [//ustrated Travels,efor which 
last-named task he had little relish. The last work from his pen 
is an introduction to the Supplementary Appendix to Mr. Edward 
Whymper’s Travels amongst the Great Andes, published by Mr. 
Murray in the spring of the present year. Bates’s remarks in this 
contribution are of special interest, as showing how the materials 
collected in the Andes confirm his early views as to the non- 
extension of the glacial epoch to the tropics of the New World.* 
Dealing mainly with the Coleoptera, he discusses the nature 
of the insect fauna of high altitudes in the equatorial zone of the 
Andes, and its relation to the faunas of Chili and the temperate 
zones of North America and Europe. Darwin’s theory of the 
migration of species along the highlands of the Old World, from 
north to south, is supported by the identity, or close alliance of 
“ products of high altitudes within the Old World tropics and those 
of low lands near the Arctic zone and the mountains of temperate 
latitudes.” Is there, Bates asks, any similar proof of glacial 
migration in tropical America? ‘There is a remarkable relation- 
ship between the plants and animals of Chili and those of high 
latitudes in North America, and even Europe; “in insects, for 
example, numerous genera are common to the three regions which 
are totally absent from the intervening tropical and warm tem- 
perate zones of America.” No answer to the question was possible 
* Ante, p. xxxi. 
a 
