Cuap. XII. BARRIGUDO MONKEYS. 339 
obtained, moreover, yet stronger proof of this close relationship between 
the night and day monkeys of America, in finding a species on the 
Upper Amazons which supplies a link between them. This one had 
ears nearly as short as those of the night apes, and also a striped fore- 
head ; the stripes being, however, two in number, instead of three: the 
colours of the body were very similar to those of the well-known 
Chrysothrix sciureus, and the eyes were fitted for day vision. 
Barrigudo Monkeys.—Ten other species of monkeys were found, in 
addition to those already mentioned, in the forests of the Upper 
Amazons. All were strictly arboreal and diurnal in their habits, and 
lived in flocks, travelling from tree to tree, the mothers with their 
children on their backs ; leading, in fact, a life similar to that of the 
Pararauate Indians, and, like them, occasionally plundering the planta- 
tions which lie near their line of march. Some of them were found also 
on the Lower Amazons, and have been noticed in former chapters of 
this narrative. Of the remainder, the most remarkable is the Macaco 
barrigudo, or big-bellied monkey of the Portuguese colonists, a species 
of Lagothrix. The genus is closely allied to the Coaitds, or spider 
monkeys, having, like them, exceedingly strong and flexible tails, which 
are furnished underneath with a naked palm like a hand for grasping. 
The Barrigudos, however, are very bulky animals, whilst the spider 
monkeys are remarkable for the slenderness of their bodies and limbs. 
I obtained specimens of what have been considered two species, one 
(L. Olivaceus of Spix ?) having the head clothed with gray, the other 
(L. Humboldtii) with black fur. They both live together in the same 
places, and are probably only differently coloured individuals of one and 
the same species. I sent home a very large male of one of these kinds, 
which measured twenty-seven inches in length of trunk, the tail being 
twenty-six inches long ; it was the largest monkey I saw in America, 
with the exception of a black Howler, whose body was twenty-eight 
inches in height. The skin of the face in the Barrigudo is black and 
wrinkled, the forehead is low, with the eyebrows projecting, and, in 
short, the features altogether resemble in a striking manner those of an 
old negro. In the forests the Barrigudo is not a very active animal ; it 
lives exclusively on fruits, and is much persecuted by the Indians, on 
account of the excellence of its flesh as food. From information given 
me by a collector of birds and mammals, whom I employed, and who 
resided a long time amongst the Tucuna Indians, near Tabatinga, I 
calculated that one horde of this tribe, 200 in number, destroyed 1,200 
of these monkeys annually for food. The species is very numerous in 
the forests of the higher lands, but owing to long persecution, it is now 
seldom seen in the neighbourhood of the larger villages. It is not found 
at all on the Lower Amazons. Its manners in captivity are grave, and 
its temper mild and confiding, like that of the Coaitds. Owing to these 
traits the Barrigudo is much sought after for pets; but it is not hardy 
like the Coaités, and seldom survives a passage down the river to 
Para. 
Marmosets.—It now only remains to notice the Marmosets, which 
form the second family of American monkeys. Our old friend Midas 
ursulus, of Parad and the Lower Amazons, is not found on the upper 
