CuHap. XII. MONKEYS OF OLD AND NEW WORLD. 341 
under shelter, on account of the number of visitors, we lay down ona 
mat in the open air, near a shed which stood in the midst of a grove of 
fruit trees and pupunha palms. After midnight, when all became still 
after the uproar of holiday-making, as I was listening to the dull, fanning 
sound made by the wings of impish hosts of vampire bats crowding 
round the Caja trees, a rustle commenced from the side of the woods, 
and a troop of slender, long-tailed animals were seen against the clear 
moonlit sky, taking flying leaps from branch to branch through the grove. 
Many of them stopped at the pupunha trees, and the hustling, twittering, 
and screaming, with sounds of falling fruits, showed how they were 
employed. I thought at first they were Nyctipitheci, but they proved 
to be Jupurds, for the owner of the house early next morning caught a 
young one, and gave it tome. I kept this as a pet animal for several 
weeks, feeding it on bananas and mandioca-meal mixed with treacle. 
It became tame in a very short time, allowing itself to be caressed, but 
making a distinction in the degree of confidence it showed between 
myself and strangers. My pet was unfortunately killed by a neighbour’s 
dog, which entered the room where it was kept. The animal is so 
difficult to obtain alive, its place of retreat in the daytime not being 
known to the natives, that I was unable to procure a second living 
specimen. 
As I shall not have occasion again to enter on the subject of monkeys, 
a few general remarks will be here in place, as a summary of my 
observations on this important order of animals in the Amazons region. 
‘The total number of species of monkeys which I found inhabiting the 
margins of the Upper and Lower Amazons was thirty-eight. They 
belonged to twelve different genera, forming two distinct families, the 
number of genera and families, here as well as in other orders of animals 
or plants, expressing roughly the amount of diversity existing with regard 
to forms. All the New World genera of apes, except one (Eriodes, 
closely allied to the Coaitds, but having claw-shaped nails to the fingers), 
are represented in the Amazons region. With these ample materials 
before us let us draw a comparison between the monkys of the new 
continent and their kindred of the Old World. It seems highly 
probable that the larger land areas, both continents and islands, on the 
surface of our globe, became separated pretty nearly as they now are, 
soon after the first forms of this group of animals came into existence: 
it will be interesting, therefore, to see how differently the subsequent 
creations of species have proceeded in each of the separated areas. 
The American monkeys are distinguished, as a body, from all those 
found in the Old World. Upon this point there is no difference of 
opinion among modern zoologists. It is not probable, therefore, that 
species of the one continent have passed over to the other, since these 
great tracts of land received their present inhabitants of this order. The 
American productions present a cluster of forms, namely, about eighty- 
six species, separated into thirteen genera, which although greatly 
diversified amongst themselves, in no case show signs of near relation- 
ship to any of the still more diversified forms of the same order 
belonging to the eastern hemisphere. One of the two American 
