of some South Brazilian Trichoptera. 135 



Near the end of the Ijoring a small hole is gnawed 

 through the wall of the stick for the issue of the respira- 

 tory cuiTent. For its transformation the larva fixes the 

 ventral side of the mouth-end of its case to some stone or 

 tree (preferring the latter, when obtainable), and closes 

 the entrance with a stone ; the interior of the stick is 

 clothed with a silken tissue, forming a cylindrical cocoon, 

 closed with a sieve at either end ; the centre of the 

 anterior sieve is attached to the stone, Avhich serves as a 

 covering. It often happens that the larva? find hollow 

 sticks ; but even then they gnaw, before their change, a 

 quite purposeless hole through the Avail of the stick. (See 

 Kosmos, " Gratulationsheft zum 70 jiihrigen Geburtstage, 

 Ch. Darwins," p. 395, fig. 6.) The pupje agree in the 

 number and arrangement of the corneous patches of the 

 abdomen Avith those of Helicopsyche, but each patch is 

 armed with from four to six sharp hooks. The branchijB 

 of the pupa are not shed in the final transformation ; they 

 can easily be seen in the imago Avhen it is put into sj^irits 

 of wine immediately after issuing from the pupa. 



Sometimes tubes of Grumicha are met with, which, 

 instead of a corneous covering, are shut Avith a stone 

 (such were, e. g., the tubes described by Hagen in Stettin, 

 entom. Zeit. 1864, p. 226), and these, on examination, are 

 found to contain pupn3, not of the maker of the tube, but 

 of an intruding Tetracentr.on. I do not know whether it 

 is a distinct species. 



In some small mountain rivulets I have found tubes of 

 various ?,m.^\er LeptoceridcB ( Setodes (?), Grumichella, l^-c.) 

 tenanted by intruders, Avhich have the curious habit of 

 fastening to the mouth-end of the tube bits of wood or 

 sticks, sometimes much longer than the tube, and conceal- 

 ing it almost completely. I have not yet seen the imago, 

 but the larA^as agree (c. g., in the tAvo-jointed tibiro of the 

 hind legs) Avith those inhabiting hollow sticks. 



Genus II. Grumichella, nov. gen. 



(Very nearly related to Leptociriin. The ncuration of 

 the anterior Avings is quite the same ; in the posterior 

 Avings a})ical fork No. 1 is Avanting, Avhile Nos. 3 

 and 5 are present in both sexes. Proi)ortion of the 

 joints of the maxillary palpi 10, 15, 20, 9, 17.) 

 The larvai inhabit Avaterfalls and rapids of mountain 

 rivulets. But for size their tubes closely resemble those 



