136 Dr. Fritz Miiller's Notes on the Cases 



of Grumicha, which are thrice as long. It is rather 

 curious that those almost identical tubes should belong to 

 species quite different in their larval, pupal and imago 

 states. 



The tubes of Grumichella show two interesting con- 

 trivances, by Avhich they are adapted to their peculiar 

 habitat — 1, from the wall which closes the tail-end of the 

 tube, and which has, as in Gruwiclia, a central circular 

 opening, there projects, on the ventral side of the opening, 

 a short, stovit, triangular tooth or spur, which, being in- 

 serted into minute crevices of the rocks, probably serves to 

 give hold to the tubes ; 2, the little petiole or foot-stalk of 

 the disc, by which the pupa case is fastened, does not 

 proceed, as in Grumicha, from the margin of the tube, 

 but from the corneous covering. The pupa cases being 

 usually fastened ^vith the mouth-end turned upwards to 

 perpendicular rocks, along Avhich a thin sheet of water is 

 pouring down, if the tubes Avere fastened, the pupte, after 

 having loosened the covering, would hardly be able to 

 creep out of their tubes, and, if they succeeded in doing 

 so, the tender, fragile creatures would almost infallibly be 

 crushed. But now, after loosening the covering which 

 remains fastened to the rock, they are within their tubes 

 safely carried away by the Avater to some quiet place, 

 where they may with leisure creep out and undergo their 

 final transformation. The pupa is remarkable for its last 

 abdominal segment being unusually long (as long as the 

 three preceding ones), and tapering towards the end. 

 Number of dorsal patches as in HelicoiTsyche, each patch 

 armed Avith tAVO short, sharp teeth. 



Genus III. Setodes (?). 



There are here three species agreeing in general appear- 

 ance and in the neuration of the anterior wings (one of 

 them even in colouring) Avith Setodes punctata and virldis ; 

 but the posterior Avings are broader. 



The larvfe, the antennae of Avhich are longer than in 

 any other Leptocerideous larva knoAvn to me, \\\q. in 

 narrow, cylindrical, straight or slightly-arcuated leathery 

 tubes. Before its change the larva considerably shortens 

 its tube, the ventral side of either end of Avhich is then 

 fixed by means of a disc, usually bilobed, and the ex- 

 tremities closed Avith coverings having a central circular 

 or elliptic opening. The appendages at the end of the 



