48 TESTUDINID 2. 
few dark-brown dots on the crown and one in the centre of each 
costal scute ; the edge of the carapace yellow; jaws yellow; a yel- 
low black-edged streak on each side along the temple; sides and 
lower surface of neck and limbs whitish; upper surface of limbs 
blackish ; plastron yellow, with a symmetrical black marking along 
the middle; tail blackish above, yellow, with a black median line, 
inferiorly. 
Head and neck 85 millim., carapace 150, tail 170. 
Southern China, Siam, Burma. 
a. Her., stffd. S. China. ‘J. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 
b. Hgr., skel. S. China. J. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. 
e. Ad., stffd. China ? Zoological Society. 
d. Ad., spir. Laos, Siam. 
e-f. Yg., spir. Pegu. W.Theobald, Esq.[C.]. (Types 
of P. peguense.) 
g. Hgr., spir. Burma. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 
Fam. 6. TESTUDINIDA. 
Testudinide, Emydide, part., Gray, Ann. Phil. (2) x. 1825. 
Testudinide, Emydide, part., Bell, Zool. Journ, iii. 1828. 
Tylopodes, Steganopodes, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. 1880. 
Testudinidee, Emyde, part., Gray, Syn. Rept. 1881. 
Chersites, Elodites Cryptodéres, part., Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. 
ii, 1855, 
Testudinide, Emydide, part., Gray, Cat. Tort. 1844, and Sh, Rept. 
i, 1855. 
Emydoide, Nectemydoide, Deirochelyoid, Evemydoid, Clemmy- 
doidx, Cistudinina, Testudinina, Agassiz, Contr. Nat. Hist. U.S. 
1857. 
Chersemydina, part., Strauch, Chelon. Stud. 1862. 
Testudinidee, Cistudinidee, Emydidze, Malaclemmyde, Pseudemyde, 
Bataguride, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept. i. 1870. 
Testudinide, Emydide, part., Cistudinidee, Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. 
Soc, xx. 1882, p. 144. 
Nuchal plate without well-developed costiform processes. Plas- 
tral bones nine. Shell covered with epidermal shields. Caudal 
vertebra procelous. Neck completely retractile within the shell, 
Lateral temporal arch usually present ; no parieto-squamosal arch. 
Digits short or moderately elongate; phalanges with condyles; 
claws four or five. 
Cosmopolitan, except Australia and Papuasia. 
The genera included in this family form a pretty continuous series 
from such thoroughly aquatic forms as the Batagurs to the Land- 
Tortoises *; and this series has been followed, in the following 
* A recent writer suggests to separate the Land-Tortoises from the Emyds 
on the ground of the presence in the former and the absence in the latter of 
dermal ossifications on the limbs. But the absence of such ossifications in the 
gigantic Land-Tortoises destroys the value of that character. 
