13. crstwpo. 115 
Neural plates mostly hexagonal, short-sided in front, the eighth 
absent, the corresponding costals meeting on the median line. 
Plastron divided into two movable lobes separated from each other 
and from the carapace by ligament; entoplastron intersected by the 
humero-pectoral suture. No bony temporal arch; alveolar surface 
without median ridge; choang between the eyes. Upper surface of 
head covered with undivided skin. Digits almost free, or with a 
very short web. Tail short. 
North America. 
Skull of Cistwdo carolina. (From Gray, P.Z.8. 1869, 
1. Cistudo carolina. 
Edwards, Nat. Hist. iv. pl. ecv. (1750); Bloch, Schrift. Ges, Naturf. 
Fr. Berl. vii. p. 181, pl. i. (1787). 
Testudo carolina, Linn. S. N. i. p. 352 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. ii. p. 207 
1802). 
carinata, Zinn. J. c. p. 353, 
clausa, Gimel. S. N.i. p. 1042 (1789); Schoepff, Test. p. 52, pl. vii. 
(1792) ; Daud. 1. c. p. 207, pl. xxiii. figs. 1 & 2; Leconte, Ann. Lyc. 
N. ¥. iii. p. 124 (18380). 
virgulata, Daud. 7. ¢. p. 201, pl. xxiii. figs. 3 & 4. 
Emys clausa, Schwergg. Prodr. p. 46 (1814). 
virgulata, Schweagg. 1. c. p. 47. 
schneideri, Schwegg. l. c. p. 48. 
Terrapene clausa, Merr. Tent. p. 23 (1820) ; Bell, Test. (1836). 
Cistudo clausa, Say, Journ. Ac. Philad. iv. p. 214 (1825). 
Terrapene carolina, Bell, Zool. Jowrn. 11. p. 809 (1825). 
maculata, Bell, 1. c. 
? Terrapene nebulosa, Bell, l. c. p. 310. 
Cistudo carolina, Gray, Syn. Rept. p. 18 (1831); Dum. §& Bibr. ii. 
p. 210 (1835) ; Holbr. N. Am. Herp. i.p. 31, pl. ii. (1842); Gray, 
Cat. Tort, p. 80 (1844), and Sh. Rept. i. p.89 (1855); Wied, N. Act. 
Ac. Leop.-Carol. xxxii. i. p. 1, pl. i. fig. 1 (1865); Gray, Suppl. Cat. 
Sh. Rept. i. p. 19 (1870). 
K 
