16. GEOEMYDA. 137 
1. Geoemyda spinosa. 
Emys spinosa, Gray, Syn. Rept. p. 20 (1831), and Ill, Ind. Zool. i. 
pl. Ixxvii. figs. 1, 2 (1882); Bell, Mon. Test. p. —, pls. xxvi. & 
xxvii. (1834); Dum. § Bibr. ii. p. 827 (1854), 
Geoemyda spinosa, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 100, and Ill. Ind. 
Zool, ii. pl. lvii. fig. 2 (1884), and Cat. Tort. p. 14(1844), and Sh. 
Rept. i. p. 16 (1855) ; Grinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 18 (1864) ; Theob. 
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 5 (1876). 
Clemmys spinosa, Strauch, Chelon. Stud. p. 32 (1862), and Verth. 
Schildkr. p. 63 (1865). 
Carapace of adult much depressed, with broad flat vertebral 
Shell of Geoemyda grandis. 
region and an uninterrupted obtuse keel; anterior and posterior 
margin serrated; of young more regularly arched, with a short 
keel or spinose tubercle on each costal shield, and the border 
strongly serrated all round, each marginal being produced in a 
spine, with or without smaller denticulation on each side; the 
vertebral keel stronger than in the adult. Vertebral shields (2-4) 
