20. TESTUDO. 149 
feebly hooked; a pair of large prefrontal shields, followed by a 
smaller frontal ; limbs with unequal-sized scales, which are mostly 
subcircular and juxtaposed; no enlarged femoral tubercles. Dorsal 
shields reddish brown, yellowish green in the centre; plastron 
yellowish with reddish-brown spots. 
Length of shell 134 centim. 
Medina, Upper Senegal. 
20. TESTUDO. 
Testudo, part., Linn. S. Ni. p. 350 (1766), 
Testudo, Dum. Zool. Anal. p. 77 (1806); Wagler, Syst. Amph. 
p. 188 (1830); Dum. §& Bibr. ii. p. 35 (1835); Gray, Cat. Tort. 
p. 4 (1844), and Sh. Rept.i. p. 4 (1855); Strauch, Chelon. Stud. 
p- 20 (1862); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 3 (1864); Gray, Suppl. 
Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 4 (1870); Anders. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 705 
(1879). 
Chersine, part., Merrem, Tent. p. 29 (1820). 
Chersina, Gray, Syn. Rept. p. 14 (1831), and Cat. Tort. p. 11, and 
Sh. Rept. i. p. 12; Strauch, l.c. p. 22; Gray, Suppl. p. 138, and 
Proce. Zool. Soc, 1873, p. 726. 
Chersus, Wagl. 1. c. p. 138. 
Geochelone, Fitzing. Ann. Wien. Mus. 1. p. 111 (1835). 
Cylindraspis, F¢tzing. U. ¢. p. 112. 
Chelonoidis, Mitzing. l. c.; Agassiz, Contr. Nat. Hist. U. 8.1. p. 448 
(1857); Gray, Proe. Zool. Soc, 1873, p. 724. 
Chersobius, Fitzng. 1. ¢. 
Psammobates, Fitzing. l. e. 
Manouria, Gray, Proce, Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 133, and Cat. Sh. Rept. 
ip. 15; Strauch, l. ec. p. 24; Giinth. lic. p. 10; Gray, Suppl. 
p. 15, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 725. 
Teleopus, Leconte, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 187. 
Xerobates, Agass. 1. c. p. 446; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 723. 
Megalochelys, Ayass. 1. c. p. 448; Gray, l. ec. p. 724. 
Scapia, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 167, and Suppl. p. 6, and Proe, 
Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 725. 
Peltastes, Gray, ll. cc. pp. 171, 8, 725. 
Chersinella, Gray, Suppl. p. 8, and Proc. Zool. Soc, 1873, p. 725. 
Testudinella, Gray, ll. ec. pp. 12, 726. 
Gopher, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1870, p. 706. 
Peltonia, Gray, App. Cat. Sh, Rept. p. 4 (1872). 
Centrochelys, Gray, l. ¢. p. 5, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 725. 
Elephantopus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1875, p. 724. 
Asterochelys, Gray, 7. ¢. 
Neural plates usually alternately tetragonal and octagonal, 
sometimes mostly hexagonal and short-sided behind ; costal 
plates alternately narrower and wider. Suture between the mar- 
ginal and costal bones and shields usually corresponding ; supra- 
caudal shield usually single. Piastron extensively united to the 
carapace by suture, with short axillary and inguinal buttresses, 
which do not reach, or just reach, the costal plates; entoplastron 
usually anterior to the humero-pectoral suture. Skull with weak 
or moderately wide postorbital and temporal arches ; alveolar surface 
of upper jaw with one or two median ridges ; choanee between the 
M2 
