On 
20. TESTUDO. 115) 
No enlarged femoral tubercle; tubercles on 
the front of the fore limb extremely 
large, in three longitudinal series ...... 36. lath, p. 175, 
A large subconical tubercle on the hind 
pidefotethert high sats... c. eee Ae lina 37. ibera, p. 176. 
b. Fifth vertebral shield much 
broader than third ; supracau- 
dal usually divided; no large 
femoral giubenclemerse cis eee 38. greca, p. 177. 
2. Hand and foot with four claws.... 39. horsfieldii, p. 178. 
VII. Gular region of plastron much produced; gular shield single. 
Grulla shieldstrmmcaten mim seco eo ee 40. angulata, p. 178. 
Gular process pointed, hooked upwards.... 41. yniphora, p. 179. 
1. Testudo polyphemus. 
Testudo polyphemus, Daud. Rept. ii. p. 256 (1802); Say, Journ. Ac. 
Philad, iv. p. 207 (1824); Harlan, Journ. Ac. Philad. vi. p. 21 
(1829); Dum. & Bibr. ii. p. 102 (1835); Holbr. N. Am. Herp. i. 
p. 25, pl. i. (1842). 
depressa (Cuv.), Guérin, Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. i. fig. 1 (1829). 
carolina, Leconte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ii. p. 97 (1850). 
gopher, Gray, Cat. Tort. p. 4 (1844), and Sh, Rept. 1. p. 5° 
(1855). 
Xerobates carolinus, Agassiz, Contr. N. H. U. S.i. p. 447 (1857). 
? Testudo australis, Girard, U. 8. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 470 
(1858). 
Xerobates gopher, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 728. 
polyphemus, 7rue, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iy. p. 454 (1881). 
Shell considerably depressed, more than twice as long as deep, 
flattened on the vertebral region, neither notched anteriorly nor 
reverted nor distinctly serrated posteriorly ; nuchal shield present, 
squarish ; supracaudal undivided ; shields concentrically grooved in 
the young, often quite smooth in the adult; vertebrals much broader 
than long and broader than the costals. Plastron large; front lobe 
bent upwards, extending beyond the carapace, gular region truncate 
or openly notched; hind lobe deeply notched; suture between the 
gulars as long as or a little shorter than that between the humerals ; 
axillary and inguinal moderate. Head short and broad, with 
numerous small and irregular shields, among which a pair of pre- 
frontals is usually recognizable. Jaws denticulated, upper not 
hooked, with three larger cusps at the symphysis; alveolar surface 
of upper jaw with a strong median ridge, which is nearer the inner 
than the outer border, and a strong longitudinal median ridge at 
the symphysis. Fore limb much compressed antero-posteriorly, 
broadest at the extremity, which is armed with particularly large 
compressed claws; the distance from the base of the first claw to 
the base of the fourth in the hind hmb equals the distance from the 
