158 STU DINID A. 
Length of shell 55 centim. 
Tropical South America east of the Andes ; Windward Islands. 
a, Her. W. Indies. J. Gould, Esq. [P. ]. 
b. Her. 3, skel. Cayenne. 
c-d. Yg., spir. Pernambuco. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. 
e, f. dG, stfid. (skull Para. 
& bones separate). 
g. Xg., spit. Xeberos, N.E. Peru. 
h. Her., stffd. Brazil. 
i,k. 3 Q, stffd. Tropical America. 
L m,n, 0,p. 3, 2, & yg., ‘Tropical America. 
skels. ; 
q,7, 8, t,u. 3,2, hgr. & Tropical America. 
yg., shells. 
5. Testudo emys. 
Testudo emys, Schleg. § Mill. in Temiminck, Verh. Nat. Nederl. Ind. 
p- 34, pl. iv. (1844); Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 182, figs. 
Geoemyda spinosa, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 2 (1847). 
Testudo emydoides, 4. Dum. Cat. Méth. Rept. p. 4 (1851). 
Manouria fusca, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 154, and Cat. Sh. 
Rept. i. p. 16, pl. iii. (1855), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 895, 
pl. xxxi., and Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 15 (1870). 
Testudo phayrei, Blyth, Journ, As. Sec. Beng. xxii. p. 689 (1858) ; 
Theob. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1870, p. 674; Stoliczka, Ann. § Mag. N. 1. 
(4) viii. p. 212 (1871); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 425, figs. 
Teleopus luxatus, Leconte, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 187. 
Manouria luxata, Strauch, Chelon. Stud. p. 25 (1862). 
emys, Strauch, 1. c.; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 10 (1864) ; 
Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 517, and App. Cat. Sh. Rept. p. 7 
(1872); Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 4 (1876). 
Testudo (Scapia) falconeri, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 169, 
fios., and 1871, p. 515. 
Scapia falconeri, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 6. 
phayrei, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) viil. p. 820 (1871). 
cigantea, Gray, App. Cat. Sh. Rept. p. 8. 
Geoemyda impressa, Grinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1882, p. 343, figs. 
Shell considerably depressed, its depth not half its length; ante- 
rior and posterior margins reverted, more or less strongly serrated ; 
nuchal present; supracaudal shields two; discal shields concen- 
trically striated, often concave; vertebrals much broader than long 
and at least as broad as costals. Plastron large, gular region some- 
what produced and usually notched, hind lobe deeply notched ; the 
pectoral shields may be widely separated from each other, or from a 
short median suture; axillary shield very small, inguinal large. 
Head moderate; two large prefrontal shields and a large frontal ; 
beak not hooked; jaws feebly denticulated, the alveolar surface of 
the upper jaw with a strong median ridge. Fore limb anteriorly 
with very large, bony, pointed, imbricate tubercles, forming four or 
five longitudinal series ; hind limb with very large bony tubercles on 
the plantar surface, and larger, conical, spur-like ones on the heel, 
and a group of still larger, conical ones on each side on the back of _ 
