160 TESTUDINID ®. 
Rept. p. 9 (1855) ; Strauch, Chelon. Stud. p. 78 (1862), and Verth. 
Schildkr. p. 22 (1865); Sowerby § Lear, Tort. pls. xvii. & xviii. 
1872). 
eee calearata, Merr. Tent. p. 32 (1820). 
Testudo radiata, var. senegalensis. Gray, Syn. Rept. p. 11. 
sulcata, part., Dum. § Bibr. ii. p. 74, pl. xiii. fig. 1 (1835), 
Peltastes sulcatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 173, and Suppl. 
Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 12 (1870), and App. p. 6 (1872). 
Centrochelys sulcatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 725. 
Shell not more than twice as long as deep, flattened on the 
vertebral region, descending abruptly on the sides; anterior and 
posterior margins reverted ; lateral marginals much deeper than long ; 
nuchal shield absent; supracaudal undivided; shields strongly 
grooved concentrically; vertebrals much broader than long and at 
least as broad as costals. Plastron large, gular region somewhat 
produced and bifid, hind lobe deeply notched posteriorly ; pectoral 
shields very narrow and with straight anterior border throughout 
the greater part of their extent, widening abruptly towards the 
axillary notch ; suture between the anals very short; axillary and 
inguinal small. Head moderate ; two large preefrontal shields and 
a large frontal; beak hooked, tricuspid; edge of jaws strongly 
dentate ; alveolar surface of upper jaw with a strong tuberculate 
median ridge. Fore limb anteriorly with large, bony, pointed, 
imbricate tubercles of unequal size; hind limb with large, conical, 
spur-like bony tubercles on the heel; two or three very large 
conical tubercles on each side on the back of the thighs. Uniform 
brownish or horn-colour above, yellowish inferiorly. 
Length of shell 36 centim. 
Tropical and South Africa. 
a. Her., stffd. Abyssinia. Dr. Riippell. 
b. 9, skel. S. Africa. 
c. Ad., carapace. 8. Africa. 
d. ©, stffd. ? 
8. Testudo pardalis. 
Testudo pardalis, Bell, Zool. Jawrn. iii. p. 420 (1828), and Mon. Test. 
pl. — (1835); Dum. & Bibr. ii. p. 71 (1835); Gray, Cat. Tort. 
p. 7 (1844), and Sh. Rept. i. p. 9 (1855); Strauch, Chelon. Stud. 
p: 77 (1862); Gray, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xii. p. 882 (1863) ; 
Strauch, Verth. Schildkr. p. 22 (1865) ; Gray, Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept, 
i. p. 6 (1870); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. in. p. 2 (1882). 
Shell not more than twice as long as broad, vertebral shields more 
or less convex ; sides nearly vertical ; anterior and posterior margins 
reverted and serrated; nuchal border deeply notched; nuchal 
shield absent ; supracaudal undivided ; dorsal shields concentrically 
striated, vertebrals broader than long and at least as broad as costals. 
Plastron large; gular region not or but very slightly produced, 
openly notched ; hind lobe deeply notched, bifid; pectoral shields 
very narrow and with straight anterior border throughout the 
greater part of their extent, widening abruptly towards the axillary 
