176 TESTUDINID HS. 
a. 9, stfid. Sind. Dr. Leith [P.]. (Type.) 
b. 9, spir. Alexandria. Dr. Lortet [P.]. (As typical 
of T. klemmmannt.) 
ce. d, shell. —? Dr. J. KE. Gray [P.]. 
37. Testudo ibera. 
Testudo pusilla (non L.), Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 53 (1802); Strauch, Erp. 
Alg. p. 14 (1862), and Chelon. Stud. p. 67 (1862), and Verth. 
Schildkr. p. 14 (1865); Boettg. Abh. Senckenb. Ges. ix. p. 123 
1874). ; 
a greeca, part., Daud. Rept. ii. p. 218 (1802) ; Gray, Cat. Tort. 
p- 9 (1844), and Sh. Rept. 1. p. 10 (1855). 
ibera, Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As. i. p. 19 (1831); Eichw. Zool. 
Spec. Ross. Pol. iii. p. 196 (1831), and Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 47, 
pls. vi. & vii. (1841) ; Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 306 (1876) ; Lortet, 
Arch. Mus. Lyon, iv. p. 8, pl. 1. (1887). 
— ecaudata, Pall. 1. c. 
ereca, Bell, Mon. Test. pl. — (1835). 
— mauritanica, Dum. § Bibr. ii. p. 44 (1835). 
whitei, Bennett, White’s Nat. Hist. Selborne, p. 361 (1836). 
Peltastes greecus, part., Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 1738, and 
Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 12 (1870). 
marginatus, var. whitei, Gray, Suppl. p. 11. 
mauritanicus, Gray, Hand-l. Sh. Rept. p. 12 (1873). 
Shell usaally not twice as long as deep, with the posterior margin 
feebly expanded ; in old specimens, however, it is more elongate and 
the posterior margin assumes a shape somewhat similar to that of 
T. marginata; nuchal shield narrow, elongate; supracaudal un- 
divided, never spread out and subhorizontal as in 7. marginata; 
vertebral shields broader than long, as broad as the costals. Plastron 
large, hind lobe notched behind and movable in the adult; suture 
between the humerals much longer than that between the pectorals ; 
suture between the-anals nearly as long as, or longer than, that 
between the abdominals; axillary and inguinal small. Head as in 
T. marginata; prefrontal shield sometimes divided longitudinally. 
Anterior face of fore limb with large imbricate scutes, forming 
four or five longitudinal and five or six transverse series; a large 
subconical tubercle on the hind side of the thigh. Carapace of 
young yellowish or pale olive, each shield spotted and bordered with 
black; the black spots more irregular and predominating in the 
adult; some specimens uniform brownish; plastron more or less 
spotted with blackish. 
Length of shell 23 centim. 
North-west Africa, Syria, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia. 
a. Q, stffd. Mogador, 
b. 2, skel. Mogador. 
c. Yg., spir. Valley of the Meander. R. McAndrew, Esq. 
Beale 
d-e. Yg., spir. Xanthus, 
Ff. O, spir. Aralych, Transcaucasia. St. Petersburg Mus. 
