178 TESTUDINID%. 
T. ibera. It is characterized as follows :—Plastron movable pos- 
teriorly ; supracaudal divided; tail ending in a horny spur; four 
claws to the fore limbs and three to the hind limbs; no conical 
tubercle on the back of the thigh. 
39. Testudo horsfieldii. 
Testudo horsfieldii, Gray, Cat. Tort. p. 7 (1844), and Sh. Rept. i. 
p- 7, pl. i. (1855) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 7 (1864). 
Homopus burnesii, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii. p. 642 (1854). 
Testudo (Homopus) horsfieldii, Strauch, Chelon. Stud. p. 86 (1862), 
and Verth. Schildkr, p. 34 (1865). 
Testudinella horsfieldii, Gray, Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 12 (1870). 
Homopus horsfieldii, Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 3 (1876). 
Shell considerably depressed, not much longer than broad, at least 
twice as long as deep; nuchal border not or but very slightly 
notched; hind margin not or but very feebly reverted, not serrated ; 
nuchal shield present, narrow ; supracaudal undivided ; dorsal 
shields more or less distinctly striated; vertebrals much broader 
than long, nearly as broad as costals. Plastron large, notched 
behind, flat in both sexes; gular shields usually as long as their 
distance from the pectorals ; suture between the anals as long as or 
longer than that between the femorals; axillary and inguinal small. 
Head moderate; beak feebly hooked, tricuspid; alveolar ridge of 
upper jaw rather short and feeble. Both pairs of limbs with four 
claws; anterior face of fore limbs with large imbricate scutes, 
forming five or six longitudinal series; a group of enlarged conical 
tubercles on the hind side of the thigh ; tail ending in a horny claw- 
like tubercle. Brown or olive above, uniform or blotched with 
black; plastron with large patches of black, which may cover it 
nearly entirely. 
Length of shell 20 centim. 
Central Asia, from the Aralo-Caspian district and the Kirghiz 
Steppes to Afghanistan. 
a. 9, stfid. Afghanistan. East India Company [P. |. 
(Type.) 
b. 2, stftd. Afehanistan. 
ec. 6, stttd. Gulran, Afghanistan. Dr. Aitchison [C. ]. 
d-g. Yg., spir. Gulran, Afghanistan. Dr. Aitchison [C. ]. 
ec Spice Turkestan. Dr. A. Giinther | P.]. 
2%. o, Spir. Tschinas, Turkestan. ; 
k. Yg., spir. Tschinas, Turkestan. St. Petersburg Mus. eA 
l. Q, spir. Amu Daria. St. Petersburg Mus, { E. ]. 
40. Testudo angulata *. 
Testudo angulata, Schweigg. Prodr. p. 52 (1814); Bell, Mon. Test. 
pl. — (18385); Dum. & Bibr. ii. p. 150 (1885). 
* The account of the coloration of the soft parts given by Gray, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. 1866, p. 806, and Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept. p. 18, is based upon a specimen 
made up of the shell of this species and the head and limbs of a Nicoria 
punctularia! 
