256 TRIONYCHID®. 
9. Trionyx sinensis. 
Trionyx (Aspidonectes) sinensis, Wiegm. Nov. Act. Ac. Leop.-Carol. 
xvil. p. 189 (1884), 
— stellatus, var. japonica, Schley. Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 53, pl. vil. 
(1858). 
japonicus, Schleg. Abbild. p. 108, pl. xxxi. (1840). 
— tuberculatus, Cantor, Ann. § Mag. N. H. ix. p. 482 (1842); 
Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 42. 
Tyrse perocellata, Gray, Cat. Tort. p. 48 (1844). 
Trionyx perocellatus, Gray, Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 65, pl. xxxi. (1855). 
maackii, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xvi. p. 110 (1857). 
schlegelii, Brandt, J. ¢. 
sinensis, Strauch, Chelon. Stud. p. 177 (1862) ; Giinth. Rept. 
Brit. Ind. p. 46 (1864); Strauch, Verth. Schildkr. p. 128 (1865), 
and Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 5, pl. 1. (1876). 
Potamochelys ? perocellatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 86. 
tuberculatus, Gray, 1. ec. p. 87, and Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept. 1. 
p- 105 (1870). 
Landemania irrorata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, p. 216, fig., and 
Suppl. Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 96, and Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (A) xii. 
p. 160 (1873). 
perocellata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 216, and Suppl. 
Cat. Sh. Rept. i. p. 96, and Proc. Zool. Soe, 1873, p. 53, figs., and 
Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xii. p. 159 (1873). 
Psilognathus levis, Heude, Mém. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. i. p. 24, 
pl. 11. (1880). 
Temnognanthus mordax, Heude, J. c. p. 26, pl. 111. 
Gomphopelta officine, Heude, l. ¢. p. 27, pl. iv. 
Coelognathus novem-costatus, Heude, /. c. p. 29, pl. v. 
Tortisternum novem-costatum, Heude, l. c. p. 51, pl. vi. 
Ceramopelta latirostris, Heude, l. ¢. p. 38, pl. vii. 
Coptopelta septem-costata, Heude, l. c. p. 35, pl. vill. 
Cinctisternum bicinctum, Heude, J. c. p. 37, pl. ix. 
Costal plates normally eight pairs *, the last well developed and 
in contact throughout on the median line ; a single neural between 
the first pair of costals ; dorsal plates finely pitted and vermiculate. 
Dorsal skin of young with longitudinal ridges of small tubercles. 
Epiplastra separated from each other; entoplastron broad at each 
end, forming an obtuse angle; plastral callosities well developed 
in the adult, hyo-hypoplastral, xiphiplastral, and sometimes also 
entoplastral, finely sculptured like the carapace. Head moderate ; 
snout (on the skull) longer than the diameter of the orbit; inter- 
orbital space usually narrower than the nasal fossa; postorbital 
arch at least half the diameter of the orbit in the adult; mandible 
without symphysial ridge, its width at the symphysis exceeding the 
diameter of the orbit. Olive above, uniform or lght-dotted, dorsal 
disk frequently with a few scattered blackish spots; head above 
with small spots or dots; frequently a few black streaks radiating 
from the orbit, a rostral, a temporal, and an interorbital being 
usually distinct ; chin and throat spotted or marbled with white on 
a dark ground; plastron whitish, in the young usually with sym- 
* Nine pairs are present in specimen h. 
