236 Dr. H.Burmeister's Anatomical Observations 



of the body and between all the segments a spiracle is to be per- 

 ceived, but between the second and third and the two last I have 

 not found these organs. Therefore on each side of the body there 

 exist only nine spiracles, which are indicated as black spots in the 

 ninth figure. The last conical joint bears the anus at the extremity, 

 over which are two long spines, which on the under side are armed 

 with a small tooth (fig. 12.). 



For making the following anatomical disquisition I opened the 

 larva on the left side along its whole length, turning the upper part 

 over on the right side, as represented in fig. 9, whereby the in- 

 ternal organs become conspicuous. By this means two large longi- 

 tudinal muscles on the back are perceived, which arise from the 

 head and terminate at the anus. Between them is an open space, 

 in which is placed the longitudinal dorsal vessel, or the heart, aflftxed 

 with its wing-muscles on each side of the skin. On observing this part 

 with the microscope I have found the same structure which Straus- 

 Durckheim has described in his account of the heart of Melolontha 

 vulgaris ; but the wing-muscles were finer, and covered with minute 

 grains, which I presume may be grains of fat. The openings in the 

 vessel which this lynx-eyed author has detected, and of which he 

 has given a very elaborate description, I have also very distinctly 

 observed in this larva, namely, the valves which close the openings 

 from the internal side, and also in front of each opening the aper- 

 ture in the lateral wing-muscle of the heart. In that part of the 

 vessel which lies in the first three segments of the body, the wing- 

 muscles and the openings are wanting ; I have also observed this 

 part of the dorsal vessel very intimately fixed upon the intestine, and 

 attending it to the brain, under which it passes with the oesophagus. 

 The intestines when extended are double the length of the body, 

 but in the natural position (fig. 11.) they are of the same length 

 with it. A short oesophagus (fig. 12. A.) arises at the mouth, and 

 goes into the first segment, at the end of which it is amplified into 

 the stomach (fig. 10 and 11. A.), which occupies the greatest space 

 in the cavity of the body. This stomach is of an equal width, and 

 is formed of two fine membranes ; it is covered with the fat, into 

 which many tracheae are extended. This largest part (which may 

 be called the craw) is succeeded by the second part of the stomach, 

 smaller than the former but of the same length (fig. 10. B.), with 

 thicker membranes, and very conspicuous transverse folds. At its 

 extremity we observe a constriction before which four fine vessels, 

 termed bilious vessels, or, from their first discoverer, vessels of Mal- 

 pighi, vasa MaJpighiana , puss into the stomach. Both parts of the 

 stomach, the first or cra-w {A) and the second (B), are continuous. 



