upon the Larva of Calosoma sycophanta. 287 



and we find no valves separating them : this circumstance is very 

 curious, because at the same place in the perfect state of the insect 

 we observe another little stomach, covered on the internal side with 

 teeth, and used for masticating the food, of which also we see no 

 trace in the larva. The second part of the stomach, as well as the 

 ileum, makes a great winding in the natural state, so that we could 

 not see the second stomach in this state, but only the latter (fig. 1 1 . 

 C.) The ileum (fig. 10. C.) is a short part pointed towards both 

 ends and smaller than the stomach. It contains a white matter of 

 calcareous appearance, which also fills the rectum (fig. 10, 11. D.) 

 This part has a very minute opening, but is subsequently dilated, 

 and constricted towards the end. It consists, as does also the whole 

 intestine, of two membranes, namely, an internal slimy tunic {tunica 

 mucosa), and an external muscular tunic {tunica muscularis), which 

 forms the transverse folds upon the second stomach and the rectum, 

 upon the latter of which four large longitudinal folds are internally 

 to be observed, three of which are represented in the figure, and 

 which are the cause of the curious form of the excrement in many 

 other larvae. The anus appears as a small cone at the end of the 

 body (fig. 10, and fig. 12.). 



The bilious vessels (fig. 10. E, E.) pass into the intestine at one 

 place on the under side, and not, as Ramdohr says, around the circum- 

 ference. From this source they ascend towards the oesophagus, and 

 are laid upon the stomach (fig. 12, E, E.) Having reached the front 

 part of the stomach, they are turned backwards to the hind end, 

 pass the place of their insertion, and attend the windings of the 

 ileum, between which they make many copious folds, and return to 

 their first source in the stomach, as represented in fig. 10. 



The respiratory system is formed of a long trachea placed on each 

 side of the body (fig. 9.), which receives the air which passes through 

 the spiracles by the addition of small lateral branches. At the same 

 place two other branches arise from the longitudinal vessel, one of 

 which ascends to the back, and the other descends to the inferior 

 portion of the body; many smaller branches extend to all the internal 

 organs. At the hind end the longitudinal trachea is extended into 

 numerous small branches. In the third thoracic segment this ves- 

 sel has two great arms, of which the superior goes to the back side, 

 the other passes along the chamber of the thorax, and emits a small 

 branch towards the belly, in the lower portion of the body (see fig. 9.) : 

 the larger branch goes through the thorax towards the head, emit- 

 ting various minor filaments which lie upon the muscles of the tho- 

 rax and the other organs, and is united with the branch of the first 

 spiracle. From this spiracle arise therefore five branches, two going 



