WHITE’S GROUND-THRUSH. 201 
and South-eastern Siberia and North China. It winters in South Japan, 
South-west China, and the Philippine Islands, occasionally straying 
as far west as Sumatra. The limit of its western range in summer is 
difficult to ascertain, but is possibly confined to the watershed of the 
Yenesay and the Lena. It was obtained by Gmelin* at Krasnoyarsk ; and 
on the shores of Lake Baikal Dybowski records it as common at the 
migration-seasons. 
The haunts of this bird are but little known. It has always been found 
in well-wooded districts (chiefly mountain-woods), well-timbered banks of 
streams, gardens, and wooded plains. The specimens that have occurred 
in the British Islands have all been taken in similar situations to those of 
its true eastern home. Mr. R. Tomes describes the capture of the 
specimen obtained in Gloucestershire (‘Ibis, 1859, p. 379) as follows :— 
“IT may commence by stating that the village of Welford, five miles west 
of Stratford-on-Avon, where the specimen was obtained, is situated in a 
bend of the Avon, and that the soil is a rich alluvium. Its position is 
highly favourable for the growth of timber and fruit-trees; and it is well 
shrouded in orchards and small enclosures, fringed with their hedgerows 
and ivied elms, affording a favourite haunt for many of the smaller birds, 
with a good supply of cherries and other fruits in the summer months, 
and of berries through the autumn and winter seasons. From a cherry- 
orchard, a few miles down stream, I obtained, a few years since, a specimen 
of the Rose-coloured Pastor; and Starlings and Thrushes abound. - Of 
insect-feeders there is an equally good supply; and I have had more than 
one opportunity of imspecting the nesting of the Lesser Spotted Wood- 
pecker. 
“Jn a small grass inclosure immediately adjoining the village, and 
thickly surrounded by elms, a friend of mine observed a bird rise from a 
dry leafy ditch, which, at the first glance, was mistaken for a Woodcock, 
but soon recognized as one of the Thrush kind. This happened on the 
6th of January ; and on hearing the account I stimulated further search, 
but without effect until the 23rd of that month, when the bird was again 
flushed from the same inclosure, and, as before, from the bottom of a dry 
ditch amongst dead leaves. Again on the 26th it rose from the same 
ditch, and within a few yards of the same spot. On each occasion it was 
busied in turning over the dead leaves, from beneath which it appears to 
have taken its food. Although Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Missel-Thrushes 
were abundant and seen at the same time feeding on the ivy and hawthorn- 
berries, the present bird was always observed to resort only to the trees or 
hedges when disturbed, and then merely as a place of rest, remaining for 
* J.G. Gmelin the Siberian traveller, not J. F. Gmelin, the compiler of the 13th 
edition of Linnzeus, 
