328 BRITISH BIRDS. 
MUSCICAPA ATRICAPILLA. 
PIED FLYCATCHER. 
(Pate 9.) ‘ 
Muscicapa nigra, Briss, Orn. ii. p. 381 (1760, 3). 
Ficedula ficedula, Briss. Orn, iii. p. 869 (1760, Q ). 
Ficedula rubetra anglicana, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 436 (1760, ex Edwards). 
Muscicapa atricapilla, Zinn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 326 (1766) ; et auctorum plurimorum— 
Yarrell, Gray, Blyth, Bonaparte, Cabanis, Schlegel, Sundevall, Loche, Gould, 
Heuglin, Sharpe, Newton, Dresser, Blanford, &e. 
Emberiza luctuosa, Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 146. no. 215 (1769). 
Muscicapa muscipeta, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 502 (1795). 
Muscicapa luctuosa (Scop.), Temm. Man. d’Orn. p. 101 (1815). 
Muscicapa alticeps, 
Muscicapa fuscicapilla, } Brehm, Vig. Deutschl. pp. 225, 226, 227 (1831). 
Muscicapa atrogrisea, 
Muscicapa picata, Swains. Jard. Nat. Libr. x. p. 254 (1838). 
Hedymela atricapilla (Linn.), Sundev. Uifv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh, 1846, p. 225, 
Muscicapa speculigera, Selys, fide Bonap. Consp. i. p. 817 (1850). 
Muscicapa speculifera, Selys, fide Schl. Vog. Nederl. p. 225 (1854). ; 
Ficedula atricapilla (Linn.), Sund. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 23 (1872). 
The Pied Flycatcher is not nearly so common or so widely dispersed in 
Great Britain as the Spotted Flycatcher. Its distribution is compara- 
tively restricted and confined, for the most part, to one or two favoured 
localities in the north of England and the south of Scotland. Although it 
breeds in some districts in North Wales and the English counties on the 
Welsh border, its chief summer haunt appears to be from South-west 
Yorkshire, extending northwards to the Lake-districts of England and the 
eastern and midland counties of Scotland, from Berwickshire to Caithness. 
It is also known to breed in Inverness-shire; and Messrs. Baikie and 
Heddle assert that it is eften observed in the Orkneys; but it does not 
appear to have been recorded from Shetland. Returning to the midland 
counties of England, we find it a rare straggler ; but it has been noticed in 
the counties of Leicester, Derby, Stafford, Worcester, and Hereford. It 
has also been obtained in all our eastern and southern counties from Norfolk — 
to Cornwall and the Isle of Wight, and occasionally in North Devon, 
Somerset, Gloucester, Oxford, Wilts, and Dorset. It has never been 
recorded from Ireland, nor does it ever appear to reach Iceland or 
Greenland ; but a small flock was once seen on the Faroes. 
On the Continent the distribution of the Pied Flycatcher is somewhat 
peculiar. It is common in Scandinavia during summer, having been 
found breeding up to lat. 69°; but in Russia it is not found so far north—in 
Finland ranging to lat. 65°, and in the Ural Mountains (which appear to 
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