The Dying [Tuanaco. 315 
camel type, whose remains occur in the lower and 
upper miocene deposits—Poébrotherium, Protolabis, 
Procamelus, Plhauchenia, and Macrauchenia. It 
ranges from Tierra del Fuego and the adjacent is- 
lands, northwards over the whole of Patagonia, and 
along the Andes into Peru and Bolivia. On the great 
mountain chain it is both a wild and a domestic 
animal, since the llama, the beast of burden of the 
ancient Peruvians, is no doubt only a variety: but 
as man’s slave it has changed so greatly from the 
original form that some naturalists have regarded 
the llama as a distinct specics, which, like the camel 
of the Hast, exists only in a domestic state. It has 
had time enough to vary, as it is more than probable 
that the tamed and useful animal was inherited by 
the children of the sun from races and nations that 
came before them: and how far back Andean civi- 
lization extends may be inferred from the belief 
expressed by the famous American archeologist, 
Squiers, that the ruined city of Tiahuanaco, in the 
vicinity of Lake Titicaca, is as old as Thebes and 
the Pyramids. 
It is, however, with the wild animal, the huanaco, 
that Tam concerned. A full-grown male measures 
seven to eight feet in length, and four feet high 
to the shoulder; it is well clothed in a coat of 
thick woolly hair, of a pale reddish colour, longest 
and palest on the under parts. In appearance it is 
very unlike the camel, in spite of the long legs and 
neck ; in its finely-shaped head and long ears, and 
its proud and graceful carriage, it resembles an 
antelope rather than its huge and, from an esthetic 
point of view, deformed Asiatic relation. In habits 
