vill INTRODUCTION. 
contrary, many species which are known only in England as 
Periodical Migrants or Annual Visitants, nest regularly and 
bring up their young there, and may thus be regarded as 
peculiarly Scottish. Amongst these may be mentioned 
Parus cristatus, Fringilla spinus, Linota flavirostris, Loxia 
curvirostra, Corvus corax, C. cornix, Tetrao urogallus, T. la- 
gopus, Eudromias morinellus, Totanus glottis, Tringa alpina, 
Phalaropus hyperboreus, Numenius pheopus, Anser ferus, 
Mergus merganser, Colymbus arcticus, C. septentrionalis, Les- 
tris catarractes, L. parasiticus, Falmarus glacialis, and Pro- 
cellaria leachii. A few of these, however, as Corvus corax 
and Tringa alpina, nest regularly, though in smaller num- 
bers, in England; and Lowxia curvirostra has done so oc- 
easionally (vide p. 29). 
The Rare and Accidental Visitants form a large proportion 
of the total number of species in the British list, being 135 out 
of 395, or rather more than one-third of the whole. If from 
these we exclude the Terns, Gulls, and Petrels, many of 
which are almost cosmopolitan in their distribution, it will be 
found that of the remainder 48 are European, 14 Asiatic, 11 
African, and 42 American* in their origin. 
The European species are doubtless too well known to 
require particular enumeration, while the proximity of the 
British Islands to the European continent renders their oc- 
currence here the less remarkable. 
Those of Asiatic origin are :— 
Muscicapa parva (3)+, Turdus varius (12), T. atrigularis 
(1), @. sibiricus (1), Reguloides superciliosus (2), Alauda 
sibirica (1), Carpodacus erythrinus (2), Cypselus caudacutus 
(1), Syrrhaptes paradoxus (numerous examples in two dif- 
* One of these, however, Ortyx virginianus, is an introduced species. 
+ The figures in brackets indicate the number of times which the 
species has been recorded to have occurred. 
