INTRODUCTION. vl 
reckoned at 130 or thereabouts, 13 are not found in Ireland, 
and 9 are either unknown or extremely rare in Scotland. 
Those excluded from Ireland are :—Sylvia undata, Sitta cesia, 
Parus cristatus, Panurus biarmicus, Emberiza cirlus, Picus 
viridis, P. minor, Columbia awnas, Tetrao tetrix, T. lagopus, 
Perdix rufa, Crex pusilla, and C. bailloni. 
Those unknown, or very rare, in Scotland are :—Sylvia un- 
data, Panurus biarmicus, Sitta cesia, Parus palustris, Ein- 
beriza cirlus, Picus viridis, P. minor, Crex pusilla, and Crex 
bailloni. 
Out of 100 Periodical Migrants, the great majority of which 
come to us from the south, 10 do not reach Ireland, viz. 
Lanius collurio, Muscicapa atricapilla, Salicaria arundinacea 
(Linn.), S. strepera, S. luscinoides, Luscinia philomela, Sylvia 
sylviella, Motacilla flava, Anthus arboreus, Jynx torquilla ; 
while 8 others are of but rare occurrence there, viz. Falco 
subbuteo, Ruticilla tithys, Sylvia atricapilla, S. hortensis, Phyl- 
lopneuste sibilatrix, Hudromias morinellus, Aigialitis canti- 
anus, and Tringa temminckii. In Scotland 10 also are never, 
or very rarely, met with, viz. R. tithys, S. arundinacea (Linn.), 
S. strepera, S. luscinoides, L. philomela, S. atricapilla, S. syl- 
viella, Motacilla flava, Jynx torquilla, and Turtur auritus. 
With regard to Annual Visitants, Ireland is not visited by 
8 or 9 which find their way to England, as Regulus ignicapil- 
lus, Parus cristatus, Anthus richardi, Alauda alpestris, Em- 
beriza lapponica, E. hortulana, Linota linaria, and Phalaropus 
hyperboreus ; while in Scotland Anthus richardi has not been 
observed, and Coracias garrula and Merops apiaster are ad- 
mitted to be of very rare occurrence. Ireland does not pos- 
sess any characteristic birds as is the case with Scotland ; and 
the only species which have been found in the sister isle and 
not in England belong to the rare and accidental visitants, of 
which mention will be made hereafter. In Scotland, on the 
