288 tuhdid.t:. 



in winter seems otherwise unknown in Great Britain, for the 

 information, received l\y Pennant, as to its residing in Scot- 

 land all the year round is plainly erroneous. It also occasion- 

 ally happens that a nest is found in places far removed from 

 the usual summer-haunts of the species, and such instances 

 have been recorded, on more or less good authority, in Hamp- 

 shire, Suffolk, Norfolk, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, 

 Warwickshire and Cheshire. In the rocky parts of Cornwall, 

 Devon, Somerset, Gloucestershire, Monmouthshire, Wales, 

 Herefordshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Derbyshire and 

 thence northward to Caithness, the Ring-Ouzel, according to 

 the information collected by Mr. More, breeds regularly every 

 year. In Orkney Mr. Dunn says its nest is sometimes found, 

 while the bird has been frequently observed ; but in Shetland 

 it is considered by Dr. Saxby to be only a passing visitor. 

 Bullock obtained a nest on one of the Hebrides, but Mr. 

 Gray has been unable to trace it on any of the islands of the 

 Outer group. In Ireland it is found during summer in suit- 

 able localities throughout the country. 



The Ring- Ouzel visits almost the whole of Europe. In 

 Norway and Sweden it breeds from lat. 58° northward to the 

 Varanger Fjord, but, if found at all, it is very rare in the 

 interior of Swedish Lapland as well as in Finland ; though 

 Prof. Lilljeborg met with it on the coast of Russian Lapland. 

 Pallas states that it never occurred to him in any part of the 

 Russian Empire which he visited, but he mentions its being 

 found in the Ukraine, the Crimea and the Caucasus (where 

 Menetries also killed it), and its having been received from 

 Persia. There is, however, no trace of it further to the 

 eastward than the Ural, where M. Martin is said to have pro- 

 cured it. It occurs in Turkey and Greece, but it is very rare 

 in the country last named. Keyserling and Blasius say it 

 is found in winter in Syria and in Egypt. Canon Tristram 

 never met with it in Palestine, but Dr. von Heuglin was 

 assured by Sig. Odescalchi of Cairo that he had often killed 

 it in Lower Egypt. 



The chief winter-resort of the Ring-Ouzel seems not to be 

 at all known, for it does not appear to be very abundant at 



