I ENTEROPNEUSTA—GENERA M74, 
proposed to divide the old genus Lalanoglossus into four; but he 
now recognises no less than nine.’ Some of the more important 
characters are given below, but for the arrangement of the 
muscles, important from a systematic point of view, reference 
must be made to the original sources. 
A. Notochord with a vermiform process (Fig. 7, v); pericardium with 
anterior diverticula more or less developed. : GULANDICIPITIDAE 
(w) Liver-sacs and synapticula present; gill-slits almost equalling the 
pharynx in depth, so that the ventral, non-branchial part of the 
pharynx is reduced to a mere groove (Fig. 6); nerve-roots absent ; 
pericardial diverticula long. ‘ .  Schizocardium, Speng. 
(6) Liver-sacs absent ;2 ventral part of pharynx well developed ; peri- 
cardial diverticula short. 
(.) Synapticula and nerve-roots absent. —. Glandiceps, Speng. 
ii.) Synapticula present; nerve-roots present or absent; genital 
region with dermal pits. : , Spengelia, Willey. 
B. Notochord with no vermiform process; pericardium simple; ventral 
part of pharynx large, and sometimes more or less separated from the 
branchial part (Fig. 4). 
(a) Liver-sacs,°® synapticula and nerve-roots present. . PrYCHODERIDAE 
(i.) Genital wings well developed. 
(a) Gill-saes opening by long slits. : Ptychodera, Eschsch. 
() Gill-saes opening by small pores. Balanoglossus, Delle Chiaje 
(ii.) Genital wings hardly developed. .  Glossobalanus, Speng. 
(b) Liver-sacs, synapticula and nerve-roots absent. . HARRIMANIIDAE 
(i.) Proboscis long; one proboscis-pore. . Dolichoglossus, Speng. 
(ii.) Proboscis short ; two proboscis-pores, 
(a) Two pairs of genital wings. Stereobalanus canadensis, Speng. 
(8) No genital wings . : ; Harrimania, Ritter. 
The name Lalanoglossus was introduced by Delle Chiaje in 
1829 for B. clavigerus (Fig. 1, A), from the neighbourhood of 
Naples. As Spengel has shown, its etymology has been much 
misunderstood. The second half of the name refers to a fancied 
resemblance between the Balanoglossus, with its largely developed 
genital wings, and the tongue of an ox. @adavos means “ acorn,” 
and it has usually been supposed that this name was suggested 
by the resemblance of the proboscis, projecting from the collar, 
to an acorn in its cup, a view which finds its expression in the 
1 Zool. Jahrb. Syst. xv. 1902, p. 209. The Harrimaniidae = Balanoglossus of 
the Monograph (1893): Glossobalanus = Ptychodera, s.str., 1893 : Balanoglossus = 
Taureglossus, 1893: Ptychodera=Chlamydothorax, 1893. 
2 Punnett (‘‘Enteropneusta,” in Gardiner’s Fauna and Geogr. Maldive and 
Laccadive Arch. ii. Pt. ii. 1903) finds small liver-saes in Spengelia, and describes 
Willeyia, a new genus of Glandicipitidae. 3 Exe. G. ruficollis, Willey. 
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